Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator Tat recruits the human transcriptional coactivator PCAF (p300/CREB binding protein-associated factor) to facilitate transcription of the integrated HIV-1 provirus. We report here structure-based lead optimization of small-molecule inhibitors that block selectively Tat and PCAF association in cells. Our lead optimization was guided by grand-...

In this note we discuss some observation of the SHA-3 candidate SHAMATA [1]. We observe that its internal block cipher is very weak, which could possibly lead to an attack on the hash function.

Direct dissolution of glycosylated polybutadiene-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers can lead to the spontaneous formation of vesicles or membranes, which on the outside are coated with glucose and on the inside with poly(ethylene oxide).

OBJECTIVE We determined which children should be tested for elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in the face of financial and practical barriers to universal screening efforts and within 2009 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations allowing health departments to develop BLL screening strategies. METHODS We used the Michigan database of BLL tests from 1998 through 2005, which c...

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is considered a marker of underlying structural cardiac disease. To determine whether LBBB is cause or consequence of deterioration of left ventricular (LV) function is difficult as both are often diagnosed concomitantly. We discuss a patient where reversal of LBBB and subsequent normalization of LV function was observed after 2 different therapies, first after s...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of sinus node disease after pacemaker implantation for exclusive atrioventricular (AV) block. DESIGN 441 patients were followed after VDD (n = 219) or DDD pacemaker (n = 222) implantation for AV block over a mean period of 37 months. Sinus node disease and atrial arrhythmias had been excluded by Holter monitoring and treadmill exercise preoperatively in ...

Stereoscopic image sequence transmission over existing monocular digital transmission channels, without seriously affecting the quality of one of the image streams, requires a very low bit-rate coding of the additional stream. Fixed block-size based disparity estimation schemes cannot achieve such low bit-rates without causing severe edge artifacts. Also, textureless regions lead to spurious ma...

OBJECTIVES To describe a normal heart left bundle branch block, inferior axis ventricular tachycardia (VT), that could not be ablated from the right or left ventricular outflow tracts. BACKGROUND Whether these VTs are epicardial and can be identified by a specific electrocardiographic pattern is unclear. METHODS Twelve patients with normal heart left bundle branch block, inferior axis VT an...

Stochastic Galerkin finite element discretisations of PDEs with stochastically nonlinear coefficients lead to linear systems of equations with block dense matrices. In contrast, stochastic Galerkin finite element discretisations of PDEs with stochastically linear coefficients lead to linear systems of equations with block sparse matrices which are cheaper to manipulate and precondition in the f...

To determine whether current environmental lead (Pb) levels are causing any progressive changes in urinary Pb levels, 24-h urine samples were collected from 277 subjects (159 men and 118 women) in 1985, 312 subjects (155 men and 157 women) in 1993, and 311 subjects (156 men and 155 women) in 1998. All of the subjects worked in the same factory. The urinary Pb concentration was analyzed by flame...