Given the current lack of interoperability between global and regional land cover products, efforts are underway to link the new European global land cover map (GLOBCOVER) with the existing global land cover 2000 map (GLC2000) and European CORINE mapping initiative. Since both datasets apply different mapping standards, key for a successful implementation is a thorough understanding of the hete...

In this synopsis, we classify the solutions to the LCCS contained in this Special Issue according to a number of criteria. Furthermore, we provide brief descriptions of the focus of each solution, the major achievements and possible shortcomings. We leave it to the reader to establish a ranking of the different approaches, taking into account that the objectives of the contributions differ from...

Phenylpropanoid metabolism yields a mixture of monolignols that undergo chaotic, non-enzymatic reactions such as free radical polymerization and spontaneous self-assembly in order to form the polyphenolic lignin which is a barrier to cost-effective lignocellulosic biofuels. Post-synthesis lignin integration into the plant cell wall is unclear, including how the hydrophobic lignin incorporates i...

Low cost carriers (LCCs) market their flights as low cost and so, aim to garner as much additional revenue as possible from ancillary services such as baggage and priority boarding. The airlines therefore encourage purchase of these services by their customers. As a result of this and other practices by airlines, the European Union has introduced legislation to deal with various areas of concer...

This paper studies the effects of Southwest Airlines, largest low-cost carrier (LCC) in U.S., on other carriers’ payoff functions and entry probabilities. A static game model is developed estimated by viewing as an indicator underlying profitability making use Nash Equilibrium. Results indicate that has a remarkable negative impact payoffs carriers. firm-specific, with LCCs being more affected ...

This study examines the development of low-cost carriers (LCCs) in Australia’s export and import air freight markets. The period is from 2004 to 2020. used a qualitative instrumental case research approach. data gathered for was examined by document analysis. found that share annual markets occurred three distinct phases. In initial phase, 2004-2005, market served just one carrier (LCC) Pacific...