New methods have been investigated which use fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) image data to measure ocean wave slopes. Independent techniques have been developed to measure wave slope spectra in both the radar azimuth and range directions. Wave spectra measured using the new methods are compared with spectra developed using conventional SAR intensity-based methods, and with ...

Context. To investigate the physical properties of surface layers small Solar System objects, we take advantage phase-angle dependence linear polarization degree, which varies with albedo, composition, and other factors. In particular, angle at positive negative are reversed is a polarimetric parameter known as inversion angle. A group large angles (the so-called Barbarians) unusual also notewo...

The intersection lines between discontinuity surfaces and their intersection points on the visible surfaces of any engineering structure may be the instability indicators. This paper describes a new approach to modelling the intersecting lines and points that would provide the first evaluation of any instability in an engineering structure characterized by the failure modes. In this work, the i...

The recent droughts in Iran made a decline in groundwater table and the migration of villagers to cities was hindered supplying drinking water for the current population. Therefore it should be considered as an important issue. In this regard, it is possible to achieve this goal by constructing underground dams that recently have been suggested to replace by medium and small overland dams. The ...

Introduction: Laboratory measurements of meteorite reflectance spectra rarely match telescopic observations of asteroid reflectance spectra due to the process (es) of space weathering, which rapidly darken and redden asteroid surface on million-year timescales [e.g. 1-2]. While most main belt asteroids appear weathered, a fraction of near-Earth asteroids (the Q-types) appear unweathered – possi...

Given the concept of reliability-based design (RBD) and the growing risk management trend in geotechnical engineering, proper understanding and quantification of uncertainties are very important. The complexity of methods and a large volume of calculations of probabilistic design methods are the most critical reasons for civil engineers not to be comfortable using these approaches. In this rese...

In order to sustainable use of rangelands, it is necessary to recognize water, soil, and vegetation cover and analyze their relationships. Physical and chemical properties of soil are effective in distribution of plant species in local area. To determine the effects of some soil properties on species distribution of Eurotia ceratoides and Stipa barbata in Baghedar summer region of Bafgh, three ...

The determination of the acceptable slope angle for open pits is a key aspect of the mineral business, as it implies seeking the optimum balance between the additional economic benefits gained from having steeper slopes, and the additional risks resulting from the consequent reduced stability of the pit slopes. The difficulty in determining the acceptable slope angle is related to geological un...

in recent years there has been studies concerning the investigation of macro-scale geomorphic proxies of quaternary climatic changes in the study area. without detail analysis of slope geomorphic features, there can be little progress on expanding the knowledge of past slope development in the northwestern iran high mountain environments. consequently, the information pertaining to these quater...