BACKGROUND Despite much interest in understanding the influence of contexts on health, most research has focused on one context at a time, ignoring the reality that individuals have simultaneous memberships in multiple settings. METHOD Using the example of smoking behavior among adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we applied cross-classified multilevel modelin...

Monitoring progress towards the targets for access to safe drinking-water and sanitation under the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) requires reliable estimates and indicators. We analyzed trends and reviewed current indicators used for those targets. We developed continuous time series for 1990 to 2015 for access to improved drinking-water sources and improved sanitation facilities by country...

Medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) have a potential glycogen-saving effect during exercise due to rapid hydrolysis and oxidation. However, studies comparing intake of carbohydrates (CHO) plus 80-90 g MCT with intake of CHO alone have revealed different results. The present study tested performance after consumption of specific structured triacylglycerol, consisting of a mixture of medium-chain...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) have been used to detect QTLs underlying complex traits in major crops. In this study, we collected 218 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines including wild barley and cultivated barley from China, Canada, Australia, and Europe. A total of 408 polymorphic markers were used for population structure and LD analysis. GWAS for ...

H blood. Increased percentages of OKT8 cytotoxic/ suppressor cells were observed in untreated, nonreactional lepromatous patients. Conversely, lepromatous patients suffering from erythema nodosum leprosum, an Aithus-like phenomenon, exhibited a transient drop in the percentage of OKT8" cells with a correlative increase in the proliferative response to Tcell mitogens. We studied the proliferativ...

A typical plant genome-wide association study (GWAS) uses a mixed linear model (MLM) that includes a trait as the response variable, a marker as an explanatory variable, and fixed and random effect covariates accounting for population structure and relatedness. Although effective in controlling for false positive signals, this model typically fails to detect signals that are correlated with pop...

The objective of this paper is to present and make a comparative study of several inverse kinematics methods for serial manipulators, based on the Jacobian matrix. Besides the well-known Jacobian transpose and Jacobian pseudo-inverse methods, three others, borrowed from numerical analysis, are presented. Among them, two approximation methods avoid the explicit manipulability matrix inversion, w...

The grouping of accessions into clusters is achieved by a classification strategy that partitions the original colWhen forming core subsets, accessions from a collection are classilection into groups with maximum distances between fied into clusters, and then samples are drawn from the clusters with accessions located in different groups and minimum disthe aim of maintaining the diversity of th...

the paper presents the semi-numerical solution for the magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) viscous flow due to a stretching sheet caused by boundary layer of an incompressible viscous flow. the governing partial differential equations of momentum equations are reduced into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (node) by using a classical similarity transformation along with appropriate boundary cond...