a nonlinear model consisting “yaw, roll, longitudinal, lateral and pitch” has been developed in which, tire and suspension characteristics have been considered. tire model is based on the elliptic concept and tire calspan data. according to this tire model, cornering force and aligning moment are computed as a function of slip and camber (inclination) angles, normal load, tire adhesion characte...

The article considers the change of radius instantaneous center rotation a car moving along curved trajectory during braking, taking into account lateral input wheels both axles cars, equipped with electronic tracking systems and not such. A criterion for assessing controllability cars on in braked state, by comparing ratio current speed to longitudinal base coefficients tire product car, mass ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a unique method to study a single cell surface layer as a biocomposite. This chapter focuses on the advantages of two AFM modes, namely force spectroscopy (providing the information about local elastic properties of cells) and lateral force microscopy (LFM, revealing mechanical heterogeneity of cells surface), to make quantitative analysis of single cells mechan...

OBJECTIVES To examine changes in the pattern of force transfer between the foot and the floor associated with chronically sprained ankles by measuring the peak forces and their timing under several regions of the feet during level walking. METHODS Twelve young male subjects (mean (SD) age 21 (2) years) with recurrent ankle sprains were studied. Seven of them had unilateral and bilateral chron...

A nonlinear model consisting “yaw, roll, longitudinal, lateral and pitch” has been developed in which, tire and suspension characteristics have been considered. Tire model is based on the elliptic concept and tire Calspan data. According to this tire model, cornering force and aligning moment are computed as a function of slip and camber (inclination) angles, normal load, tire adhesion characte...

The pendulum impact tests were carried out on one RC frame column and four free-standing columns. effect of axial compression ratio reinforcement the resistance columns compared by means dynamic time curves framed freestanding under impact. test results show that with same load, though presence loads can play a positive role (e.g., reducing residual displacement), it may lead to more severe loc...

Cartilage is responsive to the loading imposed during cyclic routine activities. However, the local relation between cartilage in terms of thickness distribution and biochemical composition and the local contact pressure during walking has not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between cartilage thickness, proteoglycan and collagen concentration in the kn...

A novel diamagnetic lateral force calibrator D-LFC has been developed to directly calibrate atomic force microscope AFM cantilever-tip or -bead assemblies. This enables an AFM to accurately measure the lateral forces encountered in friction or biomechanical-testing experiments at a small length scale. In the process of development, deformation characteristics of the AFM cantilever assemblies un...

In recent years, hydroforming process has been applied in different industries such as aerospace, automotive and military industries due to its advantages, such as high dimensional accuracy, capability of forming complicated parts and high drawing ratio. Hydrodynamic deep drawing with radial pressure is one type of hydroforming process. In this paper, forming of cylindrical cups in hydrodynamic...