Our laboratory is engaged in an ongoing analysis of a 103-compound data set containing reliable intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in the rat, dog, monkey, and human, and we have previously reported our findings regarding extrapolation of clearance. In this article, we report on our findings regarding volume of distribution and mean residence time. Various allometric and nonallometric metho...

Sequences of residence times (RTs) associated with the escape from metastable states are observed in many fields. Here we study analytically and numerically the correlations among RTs for a bistable stochastic system driven by dichotomous noise. Our theory predicts an oscillatory behavior of the correlations with respect to the lag between RTs. Correlations vanish at all lags if the switching r...

BACKGROUND Most children with hearing loss who receive cochlear implants (CI) learn spoken language, and parents must choose early on whether to use sign language to accompany speech at home. We address whether parents' use of sign language before and after CI positively influences auditory-only speech recognition, speech intelligibility, spoken language, and reading outcomes. METHODS Three g...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the level of social deprivation in electoral wards and various life events. Life events include mortality, self reported long term illness, and for women: still-birth, underweight birth, birth while a teenager, and sole registered birth. Associations with area deprivation are tested before and after allowing for levels of personal deprivati...

The authors examined the association between perceived safety of neighborhood and likelihood of exercise among adult residents of eight European cities. Data were collected by a survey of neighborhood, housing, and health conducted by the World Health Organization in 2002 and 2003. Baseline category logistic regression models were fit to estimate the association between perceived safety and exe...

Based on the revised social contact theory, correlates of cross-ethnic friend nomination among 580 African American, 948 Asian-descent, 860 Latino, and 3986 White adolescents were examined. Socioeconomic and academic disparities between ethnic groups differentiated cross-ethnic friend nomination between schools for all groups but African Americans. For all groups, cross-ethnic friend nomination...