This article is a reflection on significant recent growth in engineering education programs devoted to service-learning, sustainable development, humanitarian engineering, and so on, which we group under the term “engineering to help” (ETH). ETH programs are touted for their ability to provide engineering students, mainly from wealthy nations, with an opportunity to practice small-scale enginee...

background & objectives: regional planning requires identification of the development status of regions relative to each other. one of the indicators of development is health indicator that describes utilization of health services in the society. the purpose of this study is to analyze health indicators status in ardabil province and prioritize them for future planning. methods: based on practi...

Blogging is a form of social communication that facilitates human interaction. The cultural orientations of individualism and collectivism, which relate to basic beliefs about human relationships and interactions, should be determinants of blogging. This study explores the impacts of individualism-collectivism orientation on perceived self-efficacy in blogging, along with blogging and attitudes...

the expansion of major cities regardless of the scientific planning principles has led to theemergence of negative urban development impacts in iran such as the degradation of natural resources andvarious forms of pollution. undoubtedly, urban rivers can enhance the ecological value of the earth to anoptimal extent. however, to benefit from these potentials, appropriate planning looks inevitabl...

this study was based on the hypothesis that “ecotourism is an important instrument in sustainable rural development and ecologically-based landscape planning approaches which take the objectives of socio-economic development and nature conservation have an effective role in this issue”. for this purpose, the necessity of ecologically-based landscape planning approaches in the planning and imple...