Improvement programmes for small ruminants in the tropics face several constraints that have hampered the establishment and sustainability of such programmes. One major shortfall has been weak planning, particularly poor involvement of livestock owners and other stakeholders in the design and implementation of the programmes. In sub-Saharan Africa, low productivity, high density of animals in r...

A sample size calculation for logistic regression involves complicated formulae. This paper suggests use of sample size formulae for comparing means or for comparing proportions in order to calculate the required sample size for a simple logistic regression model. One can then adjust the required sample size for a multiple logistic regression model by a variance inflation factor. This method re...

As the sizes of food packages and portions have changed rapidly over the past decades, it has become crucial to understand how consumers perceive and respond to changes in size. Existing evidence suggests that consumers make errors when visually estimating package and portion sizes, and these errors significantly influence subsequent food choices and intake. We outline four visual biases (arisi...

Exact power and sample size calculation for bioequivalence studies with high order crossover designs using statistical software nQuery are presented. Such calculation can be very easily performed, and thus provides a convenient tool for practical usage.

The recovery of gold by ore leaching is influenced by the size of the particles and the chemical environment. The effect of particle size on the dissolution of gold is usually studied using mono-size particles as the gold in solution comes from the ore of a unique leached particle size. This paper proposes a method to estimate the gold dissolution as a function of particle size using a bulk ore...

Description of the production condition and level performance is first step in improving performance. The study described indigenous cattle reproductive performances, management practices limitations north-western Ethiopia. Multistage purposive random sampling methods were used to select sites/districts households. A semi-structured questionnaire (320 interviewees), focus group discussions (12)...

Abstract Cropland abandonment has been a major land-use concern, threatening food security globally. Understanding the factors contributing to cropland advances change science and provides essential information for policy making, both of which aim improve agriculture land management. Despite many studies conducted on this topic, we still lack in-depth understanding how feedbacks from natural sy...

BACKGROUND Central to the design of a randomised controlled trial is the calculation of the number of participants needed. This is typically achieved by specifying a target difference and calculating the corresponding sample size, which provides reassurance that the trial will have the required statistical power (at the planned statistical significance level) to identify whether a difference of...

In clinical research, parameters required for sample size calculation are usually unknown. A typical approach is to use estimates from some pilot studies as the true parameters in the calculation. This approach, however, does not take into consideration sampling error. Thus, the resulting sample size could be misleading if the sampling error is substantial. As an alternative, we suggest a Bayes...