We examined the distribution of ground-flora species (herbaceous and woody species <1 m tall) across riparian areas of northeastern Wisconsin in an effort to understand how hierarchical landscape properties, such as the physiographic system (ground moraine and outwash plain), valley system (constrained and unconstrained), and valley floor landforms influence distribution patterns of ground-flor...

Water use efficiency (WUE) has garnered considerable attention at global and regional levels. However, spatio-temporal variations of WUE related influencing factors in the complex karst landforms southwest China require further elucidation. Herein, ratio gross primary productivity (GPP) to evapotranspiration (ET) obtained through PML-V2 product was used characterize ecosystem WUE, responses tem...

Sognefjord is formed by a combination of exploitation of rock structure and subaerial and subglacial processes. The fjord system follows zones of rock-structural weakness. Above sea level the landforms are due mainly to subaerial processes, and somewhat surprisingly not to glacial activity. Removal of erosive products and deepening of the fjord below sea level is due to glacial erosion.

Introduction: Since the Viking and Mariner 9 missions of nearly a quarter of a century ago provided global coverage of the Martian landscape at resolutions of 100-150m/pixel, a plethora of science related information pertaining to Mars and its landscape have become available to the scientific community. This information includes comprehensive global topography (MOLA), both low (Viking) and high...

Processing of satellite image data for the detection platform reef lagoons is intended as one geo-physical parameters landform. Panggang Island and Semakdaun were chosen to make model because they are ideal lagoon landforms tapulang court reefs. This only valid in continental shelf area back arc small island tectonic type. Determination this location done improve accuracy spectral-based process...