For several decades, land use in Malinau district was dictated by the central government through the allocation of land to agriculture, timber concessions and mining companies. Now, with a policy of decentralization in place, district governments have a greater say in the allocation of land use. As a part of the district government development programs to increase district revenue, several fore...

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a management plan for the Sykan watershed of Darre shahr city located in Ilam province using GIS in land use planning. Methods: For land using of Sykan watershed of Ilam province with about 9 hectares area, map of classes, elevation, percent slope, geographical aspects, soil characteristics, vegetation density and the final map units were combined ...

In hot-potato (deflection) routing, nodes in the network have no buffers for packets in transit, which causes conflicting packets to be deflected away from their destinations. We study one-to-many batch routing problems on arbitrary tree topologies. We present two hot-potato routing algorithms, one deterministic and one randomized, whose routing times are asymptotically near-optimal (within pol...

The Columbia Basin of south-central Washington and north-central Oregon is a major potato-growing region in North America where more than 65,000 ha of potatoes are grown annually. The environment is semiarid (mean rainfall is between 15 and 22.5 cm), and the potato crop is irrigated mostly by center-pivot systems. Although the Columbia Basin is semiarid, potato production is annually threatened...

Improving understanding and prediction of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber size over the growing season is important due to its effects on crop price and marketing. Several models have been proposed to describe potato growth and development, but are based on short-term data and have little use for predicting yields or in-season management decisions. This analysis uses long-term data collect...

BACKGROUND Glucose-6-phosphate is imported into the amyloplast of potato tubers and thought to constitute the precursor for starch synthesis in potato tubers. However, recently it was shown that glucose-1-phosphate can also be imported into the amyloplast and incorporated into starch via an ATP independent mechanism under special conditions. Nonetheless, glucose-6-phosphate is believed to be th...

We define the notion of a Kirby element of a ribbon category C (not necessarily semisimple). Kirby elements lead to 3-manifolds invariants. We characterize a set of Kirby elements (in terms of the structural morphisms of a Hopf algebra in C) which is sufficiently large to recover the quantum invariants of 3-manifolds of Reshetikhin-Turaev, of Hennings-Kauffman-Radford, and of Lyubashenko. The c...