Forests historically associated with frequent fire have changed dramatically due to fire suppression and past harvesting over the last century. The buildup of ladder fuels, which carry fire from the surface of the forest floor to tree crowns, is one of the critical changes, and it has contributed to uncharacteristically large and severe fires. The abundance of ladder fuels makes it difficult to...

background and objectives: dna ladder contains dna fragments of different length but with known size, used to determine the size of unknown dna molecules. different dna ladders are available for expected dna length. conserved sequences were selected for design of primers to generate dna fragments of known specific size. materials and methods: in this study, we describe a method by which dna lad...

Group-wise analysis of time series of images requires to compare observed longitudinal evolutions. In medical imaging, longitudinal anatomical changes can be modeled by using deformations resulting from the non-rigid registration of follow-up images. The comparison of longitudinal trajectories is therefore the transport of longitudinal deformations in a common reference frame. We previously sho...

Improving on work by Schild, De Giacomo and Lenzerini, we establish a tight connection between description logics and hybrid logics, and use this to transfer results on complexity and expressive power from one to the other.

BACKGROUND The Transtheoretical Model suggests that individuals vary according to their readiness to change behavior. Previous work in smoking cessation and other health areas suggests that interventions are more successful when they are tailored to an individual's stage of change with regards to the specific behavior. We report on the performance of a single-item measure ("Ladder") to assess t...

The Munich chain-ladder method for claims reserving was introduced by Quarg and Mack on an axiomatic basis. We analyze these axioms, and we define a modified Munich chain-ladder method which is based on an explicit stochastic model. This stochastic model then allows us to consider claims prediction and prediction uncertainty for the Munich chain-ladder method in a consistent way.

We study the consistency of the ladder approximation and the rainbow approximation of the Dyson-Schwinger equation of QCD. By considering the non-Abelian property of QCD, we show that the QED-type Ward-Takahashi identity is not required for the rainbow-ladder approximation of QCD. It indicates that there does not exists any internal inconsistency in the usual rainbow-ladder approximation of QCD...