Ultrasound imaging has been used extensively to detect abnormalities of the non-lactating breast. In contrast, the use of ultrasound for the investigation of pathology of the lactating breast is limited. Recent studies have re-examined the anatomy of the lactating breast highlighting features unique to this phase of breast development. These features should be taken into consideration along wit...

background: the co-existence of under and overnutrition might be influenced by a marked shift in dietary and lifestyle practices of people in developing countries. objective: this study aims to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of a dual form of malnutrition in the same households in a rural district in peninsular malaysia. methods: this study was conducted in two phases. the ...

In several mammalian species, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and behavioral responses to stressors are down-regulated in lactating females, possibly preventing stress-induced disruptions of maternal care. Experimental elevations of HPA axis hormones have been found to inhibit maternal behavior in lactating common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), raising the question of whether lacta...

Abstract Fostering and allo-suckling are widespread among pinnipeds, several hypotheses have been formulated to explain their occurrence. Here, we describe the occurrence of in harbour seals from photo-identification data females pups Orkney (Scotland) during pupping seasons between 2016 2019. We used a generalised linear model framework investigate effect on duration lactation (females) nursin...

Background: Breastfeeding is the safest and best method for nurturing infant growth and health. While the harmful effects of alcohol during pregnancy are well-established, the consequences of alcohol intake during lactation have been far less examined. The effects of alcohol intake with large amounts noted on the infant include drowsiness, diaphoresis, deep sleep, weakness, decrease in linear g...

a total of 153 samples of milk were collected from one to none months lactating mothers age 17 to 44 years. the protein, total nitrogen, fat, lactose and calcium content 0f these milks were determined. marked individual variation existed in the protein lactose and fat content of the milks, which was in agreement with finding of other investigators. a gradual decrease was noticed in the protein ...

Recent research has confirmed that Australian children and pregnant women are mildly iodine deficient. A considerable proportion of the pregnant population is moderately to severely iodine deficient. Even subclinical hypothyroidism in the mother, occurring as a consequence of iodine deficiency, can cause irreversible brain damage in the fetus, making it essential to avoid iodine deficiency in p...

OBJECTIVE To assess the iodine nutrition and thyroid function of pregnant women, lactating women and infants residing in areas where the Universal Salt Iodization program is in place. METHODS Pregnant women, lactating women and infants were selected randomly in the regions where iodized salt coverage rate is more than 90% since 2000. Urine iodine levels of pregnant woman, lactating woman and ...