The strong selective pressure exerted by excessive use of antibiotics in the last decades has increased the acquisition of resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer. Horizontal gene transfer contributed to the diversification of microorganisms by influencing traits such as metabolic potential of a bacterial cell, antibiotic resistance, symbiosis, fitness, and adaptation. The study of biotic ...

PURPOSE We investigated whether acromegaly has been diagnosed earlier at the Niigata Medical and Dental University Hospital. METHODS Patients with acromegaly (n = 81) who underwent their first transsphenoidal surgery from 2006 to 2015 were reviewed. Two groups were compared: those who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2010 (n = 35) and those who underwent surgery between 2011 and 2015 (n = 4...

Genes encoding extracellular beta-lactamases of Streptomyces badius, Streptomyces cacaoi, Streptomyces fradiae and Streptomyces lavendulae were cloned and mapped in Streptomyces lividans. DNA sequence analysis of the beta-lactamase genes revealed a high overall G + C content, ranging from 71 to 75 mol%, with a G + C content of 95 mol% at the third position of the codons for all four genes. The ...

Acquired resistance is through the production of AmpC Beta Lactamases (AmpC), Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo Beta-Lactamases Enzymes (MBL). Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is associated with production of ESBL which can hydrolyze oxyimino β-lactams such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and monobactams, however, without any effect on cephamycins, carbapenems and r...

The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in a growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in the community and hospital settings. Antimicrobial classes for which resistance has become a major problem include the β-lactams, the glycopeptides, and the fluoroquinolones. In gram-positive bacteria, β-lactam resistance most commonly results from expression of intrinsic low-affinity penicillin-b...

Blood cultures drawn from a patient with clinically diagnosed invasive meningococcal disease, who had been previously administered benzylpenicillin, had beta-lactamases added to increase the probability of recovery of the causative organism. The blood cultures subsequently yielded Neisseria meningitidis but direct susceptibility tests by the comparative disk diffusion method demonstrated greatl...

pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the most important pathogens in the nosocomial infections. a genetic mobile element, the integron, is one of the major agents involved in dissemination of multi-drug resistance among gram negative bacteria. during a descriptive study from october 2009 to august 2010, some 130 p. aeruginosa clinical isolates were collected from different wards of three hospitals i...

Carbepenems are used with increasing frequency to treat multidrug-resistant isolates, especially strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases [1, 2]. Resistance to carbapenems has been uncommon among Enterobacteriaceae. However, the emergence of β-lactamases with direct carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity has contributed to an increased prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE...