The objective of the article is to evaluate impact personnel costs on apparent labour productivity by employing 1995–2018 panel data manufacturing industry in 27 European countries. methods independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, Granger causality test, unit root and ARDL were employed. analysis shows that a long-term relationship exists among productivity, there are not significant d...

Mastitis is by far the most common and most costly disease in milk production in industrialised countries. Costs are related to loss in milk quality, decreased milk production related to subclinical mastitis, discarded milk, replacement cows, cost of treatment and labour costs [1]. This disease is the most frequent reason for the use of antimicrobials in dairy cows [2]. It can be classified int...

There are significant costs associated with reproductive inefficiency in pasture-based dairy herds. This study has quantified the economic effect of a number of key variables associated with reproductive inefficiency in a dairy herd and related them to 6-week calving rate for both cows and heifers. These variables include: increased culling costs, the effects of sub optimum calving dates, incre...

Correspondence to: Dr M Stattin, Department of Sociology, Umeå University, Sweden; mikael.stattin@ soc.umu.se _________________________ T oday, most modern welfare states face the challenge of an aging population and decreasing rates of labour force participation among older people. Despite increased life expectancy, improved living conditions, and better health status, the average time people ...

The extent to which labour market rigidity can be beneficial for an economy is investigated in a model where technological change is non-general purpose and different types of skills are available to workers. More precisely, specific skills lock a worker into a particular technology but increases productivity. Conversely, general skills allow workers to move across technologies at the cost of l...

This paper investigates the structure of firms’ outward FDI and their behaviour at home in both manufacturing and business services sectors. UK multinationals with overseas affiliates in low-wage economies invest simultaneously in a large number of high-wage countries. I find that more productive multinationals operate in a greater number of countries, consistent with their being able to bear t...

Many countries suffer from persistently high unemployment rates. The scope for labour market reforms is often limited to measures that hurt neither shareholders nor workers. This paper develops a policy proposal, which allows the government to reduce wage costs without changing the income positions as determined in the process of wage negotiations. It is shown that the introduction of public pr...

Wages in traditional agrarian societies are often observed to be above reservation wages even in the slack season when markets are in a state of excess labour supply. Models of noncooperative wage setting by landlords which explicitly take account of the costs of supervising hired labour and emphasize worker heterogeneity are developed and analyzed. Conditions are given for the existence of com...

This study analyses data collected among a group of young male refugees who participated in a randomised experiment. Refugees were randomly assigned to a soccer project aimed at facilitating social and labour market integration or to a control group. We evaluate the randomisation process, discuss the design and implementation of the survey and summarize the main findings of the survey by focusi...