When person A makes an offer to person B and B rejects it, then A may “lose face.” This loss of face is assumed to occur only if B knows for sure of A’s offer. While under some circumstances loss of face can be rationalized by the consequences for future reputation, it may also enter directly into the utility function. Loss of face concerns can lead to fewer offers and inefficiency in markets t...

There are nonprofits whose assets exceed those of several nations, such as the Ford Foundation, Harvard University, and the J. Paul Getty Trust, and there are nonprofits that conduct intense civic campaigns out of someone's kitchen with volunteer labor and never more than $500 in the bank. There are associations dedicated to saving the world from nuclear war and associations dedicated to promot...

The aging workforce and improvements in health care services have led to increased interest in the availability of health care benefits to retirees; gathering and tabulating data on this topic can be a challenge. The aging of the baby boom generation and their likely expanded use of health care services are well documented.1 Equally well reported is the debate over the obligation of employers t...

This paper examines the influence of political ideology on economic growth in the French democracy since 1871. It does so by addressing three main issues: the property and the reliability of a political ideology index in the long-run, the robustness of the relationship between ideology and growth and the specific channels through which political ideology affects economic performance. The main c...

Mobile crowdsourcing networks (MCNs) are a promising method of data collecting and processing by leveraging the mobile devices’ sensing and computing capabilities. However, because of the selfish characteristics of the service provider (SP) and mobile users (MUs), crowdsourcing participants only aim to maximize their own benefits. This paper investigates the incentive mechanism between the abov...

This research reveals the changing sounds of articles in Job Creation Law and analysis according to Maslahah Mursalah. The purpose this is find out parts Indonesia that are detrimental have a bad impact on one parties (labor). Indonesian government has simplified through an omnibus law which there several laws been trimmed make it more efficient. concept form job creation 11 clusters, regulates...

the court orders, inter alia, the provisional injunctions, are normally aimed to impose some specific result on the parties to a proceeding. provisional measures including interim injunctions are somehow connected to the general standards of fair proceeding. the question might be how a proceeding could be assessed as being fair while an interim injunction is being issued against one of the part...

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This paper analyzes the decentralization of decision-making in aid-giving in a theoretical rent-seeking framework. In this analysis the root donor establishes a necessary criterion for potential recipients: good governance. The potential recipients compete in hierarchal contests for funds. The paper investigates whether, under certain reasonable conditions, fashionable aid procedures will lead ...