Lignin was used as a natural adhesive to manufacture Vitis vinifera fiberboards. The fiberboards were produced at laboratory scale by adding powdered lignin to material that had previously been steamexploded under optimized pretreatment and pressing conditions. The kraft lignin used was washed several times with an acidic solution to eliminate any contaminants and low molecular weight compounds...

The aim of the present work was to find an optimum kraft pulping process for olive tree pruning (OTP) in order to produce a bleachable grade pulp of Kappa number about 17. The kraft pulp produced under optimized conditions showed a viscosity of 31.5 mPa.s and good physical, mechanical, and optical properties, which are acceptable for paper grade production. The strength and optical properties w...

The knowledge reuse and fusion/transformation system (KRAFT) is research prototype software for combining and transforming constraint-based knowledge. It is being developed in collaboration with BT by three UK universities — Aberdeen, Cardiff and Liverpool. The KRAFT system is designed to help its users to locate relevant data and constraint knowledge held in distributed heterogeneous data and ...

Three alkali swelling methods were used to treat two kinds of kraft pulp fibers. The morphological and chemical properties of the treated fibers were elucidated in terms of alkali concentration, with the aim of developing bulky paper and conserving wood resources. The effects of beating before and after alkali swelling were examined. The water retention value of fibers increased when higher con...

A formic/acetic acid/water system was used in the ratios of 30:60:10, 20:60:20, and 30:50:20 separately for efficient hydrolysis and bioconversion of poplar chips, under the solid/liquid ratio of 1:12(g/ml), at 105 C for 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min, respectively. The highest yield of 69.89% was at a formic/acetic acid /water ratio of 30:50:20(v/v/v), with solid/liquid in the ratio of 1:12(g/ml) ...

I n chemical pulping a large part of the wood is dissolved during digestion. The dry matter content of the generated black liquor is typically 12 to 18 wt% [1, 2]. In the case of kraft black liquors four main groups of organic constituents are present, 30-45 wt% ligneous material, 25-35 wt% saccharinic acids, about 10 wt% formic and acetic acid, and 3-5 wt% extractives. It also contains about 1...

Eucalyptus bleached kraft pulp production, an important sector of the Brazilian national economy, is responsible for generating large volume, high pollutant load effluents, containing a considerable fraction of recalcitrant organic matter. The objectives of this study were to quantify the biological activity of the effluent from a eucalyptus bleached kraft pulp mill, characterize the nature of ...

Abstract The effect on softwood fiber wall nanostructure of kraft cooking, oxygen delignification and refining was evaluated by X-ray scattering. A recently developed simulation method for modelling small angle scattering (SAXS) data used to estimate the apparent average sizes solids (AAPS) interstitial spaces in (AACS). Fiber saturation point wide were also calculate pore volume crystallite si...