Antimicrobial agents are most often tested against bacteria in the log phase of multiplication to produce the maximum bactericidal effect. In an infection, bacteria may multiply less optimally. We examined the effects of several classes of antimicrobial agents to determine their actions on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria during nongrowing and slowly growing phases. Only ciprofloxacin a...

When the unconditioned process is a diffusion submitted to space-dependent killing rate $k(\vec x)$, various conditioning constraints can be imposed for finite time horizon $T$. We first analyze conditioned when one imposes both surviving distribution at $T$ and killing-distribution intermediate times $t \in [0,T]$. are less-detailed than these full distributions, we construct appropriate proce...

52 β- thalassemia major patients were studied. Their ages ranged from two to 20 years. The group consisted of 22 girls and 30 boys. Candida intracellular killing and NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) tests were performed on the peripheral blood neutrophils of these patients. Average results of the intracellular killing test was within normal range for the patients, but showed an appreciable decr...

Macrophages are critical effectors of the early innate response to bacteria in tissues. Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria are interrelated functions essential for bacterial clearance but the rate-limiting step when macrophages are challenged with large numbers of the major medical pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is unknown. We show that macrophages have a finite capacity for intracellular kil...

BACKGROUND Recently, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma sources have been used for biomedical applications such as sterilization, cancer treatment, blood coagulation, and wound healing. Gold nanoparticles (gNPs) have unique optical properties and are useful for biomedical applications. Although low-temperature plasma has been shown to be effective in killing oral bacteria on agar plates, i...

We have shown previously that a group IIA phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is responsible for the potent bactericidal activity of inflammatory fluids against many Gram-positive bacteria. To exert its antibacterial activity, this PLA2 must first bind and traverse the bacterial cell wall to produce the extensive degradation of membrane phospholipids (PL) required for bacterial killing. In this study, we h...

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing of virus infections and tumors occurs over a wide range of conditions. The spatial environments in which CTLs encounter target cells vary from narrow vessels, to two-dimensional epithelial tissues, to densely populated 3-dimensional (3D) T cell areas within lymphoid tissues. How such spatial environments alter the functional response of CTL-mediated...

Some years ago Koutras presented a method of constructing a conformal Killing tensor from a pair of orthogonal conformal Killing vectors. When the vector associated with the conformal Killing tensor is a gradient, a Killing tensor (in general irreducible) can then be constructed. In this paper it is shown that the severe restriction of orthogonality is unnecessary and thus it is possible that m...

S. Brian EDGAR †, Rafaelle RANI ‡ and Alan BARNES § † Department of Mathematics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden S581-83 E-mail: [email protected] ‡ Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Department of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] § School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingh...

the main hypothesis in this paper is that sahebe javaher is be wrong related to exact calculating of surplus of blood money to the difference sexuality (male, femal , hermaphrodite). in this paper which written on descriptive- analytic, the author in first time criticize on sahebe javaher view point about to participate in killing of on muslim person regarding to circumstances of calculation of...