of Punjab. Primary data have been obtained through interviews held with farmers during the various research projects and peers.. Results and Discussions Poverty Status At the time of independence, the country faced twin nutritional problems threat of famine and acute starvation, and chronic under nutrition. Former existed due to the lack of national and regional food security systems. The latte...

The association between poverty and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa remains contested. A better understanding of the relationship between the prevalence of poverty and the disease is essential for addressing prevention, treatment, and care. The present study interrogates this relationship, using a cross-sectional survey of 2477 households in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Structura...

Over the past decade there has been an evident shift in the attitudes of Pacific peoples, governments and donors to the continued urbanisation of the region and the serious challenges emerging as a result. While not denying the obvious needs of rural development, and the connection rural poverty has with the pace and character of urban development, the region’s cities are clearly, and belatedly...

The struggle to achieve above the poverty line at household level in urban areas of Ethiopia dates back an extended period. In this regard, study was conducted identify and analyze determinants case Arsi Nagele town. employed both primary secondary data. Preliminary data collected from 337 randomly selected households two sub-cities by questionnaire. Both descriptive Logit regression model used...

BACKGROUND Significant and persistent racial and income disparities in birth outcomes exist in the US. The analyses in this manuscript examine whether adverse birth outcome time trends and associations between area-level variables and adverse birth outcomes differ by urban-rural status. METHODS Alabama births records were merged with ZIP code-level census measures of race, poverty, and rurali...

BACKGROUND Unprecedented declines in invasive breast cancer rates occurred in the United States between 2001 and 2004, particularly for estrogen receptor-positive tumors among non-Hispanic white women over 50 years. To understand the broader public health import of these reductions among previously unstudied populations, we utilized the largest available US cancer registry resource to describe ...

BACKGROUND: This paper describes efforts to apply the principles and strategies of an empirically-supported treatment for children with disruptive behaviour problems to a park after-school program serving children in urban poverty. METHOD: Collaboration with staff proceeded in stages: (1) relationship building, needs assessment, and resource mapping; (2) intervention adaptation and implementat...

In the midst of political stability and strong economic growth, post-apartheid South Africa is faced with the stubborn reality of widespread poverty and growing inequality. As economic empowerment benefits an expanding, mainly urban black middle class, the majority of people continue to live in poverty and mass unemployment. As the country's remarkable and peaceful transition to democracy unfol...