Mixed-Initiative Systems (MIS) are hybrid decision systems where collaboration is possible between humans and machines. However, current systems sometimes override user preferences when provided with new ones. We studied linear optimization problems, where the decision maker is specifying preferences for variable values through an iterative process. We proposed a goal programming framework to d...

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This article pursues two tasks. The first is to clarify the value and productivity of Williams’s Keywords: a vocabulary culture society (first edition 1976, second expanded 1983a) for project Cultural Studies. clarification helped, I argue, by reading it alongside Vološinov’s Marxism philosophy language (published in Russian 1929, translated into English 1973). related task speculative developm...

With the remarkable growth of information obtainable to end users through the web, search engines come to play ever a more significant role. The search engines sometimes give disappointing search results for lack of any classification of search. If we can somehow find the preference of user about the search result and rank pages according to that preference, the result will be more accurate to ...