This paper exploits the significant positive response of the share of agricultural value added and GDP per capita growth to variations in the international prices for agricultural commodities and rainfall to construct instrumental variables estimates of the causal effect that changes in the size of the agricultural sector and GDP per capita growth have on the urbanization rate for a panel of 41...

The main aim of this article is to explore determinants of life expectancy at birth among 28 European Union countries. Selected variables namely, gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, population growth rate, level of education attained, education enrolment, GDP per capita and life expectancy have been considered for abovementioned countries in the period from 2001 to 2011 on a yearly basis ...

Turkey has been suffering from separatist terrorism and the political conflict it implies since the mid-1980s, both of which are believed to have a negative impact on economic welfare. This article investigates the economic costs of PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party) terrorism, particularly in the Eastern and Southeastern provinces of Turkey by invoking the synthetic control method. We create a syn...

Renewable energy is an important topic in China as the country experiences increased wealth and energy demand. Historically, hydropower has been a valuable source of renewable energy production in China, and will continue to be as the Chinese increase hydroelectric facilities by 2020. Using provincial level data from 1980-2010, this paper estimates the relationship between the percentage of hyd...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, spending on Research and Development (R&D), number of universities, and Indexed Scientific Journals on total number of research documents (papers), citations per document and Hirsch index (H-index) in various science and social science subjects among Asian countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this stu...

BACKGROUND Income has been extensively studied and utilized as a determinant of health. There are several sources of income expressed as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, but there are no time series that are complete for the years between 1950 and 2015 for the 210 countries for which data exist. It is in the interest of population health research to establish a global time series that i...

Natural gas has become more and more important in the world energy market with the change of energy consumption structure and consumption subjects. This paper applies the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model to study the nonlinear relationship between natural gas consumption and economic variables of emerging economies, and the empirical results show that: (1) There is a non-linear r...