Abstract This paper applies a new approach to the identification of discourses, based on Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), study discourse variation over time. The MCA keywords deals with major issue use identify discourses: allocation individual multiple discourses. Yet, as this demonstrates, also allows us observe in prevalence discourses texts patterns keyword co-occurrence. Metadata c...

Using a 5-year household panel data from Korea, this paper identifies the vulnerable households and their coping strategies during 1994-1998. We find that (i) larger households tend to be more protected from shortfalls in consumption; (ii) households with young children tend to decrease consumption of other items to achieve higher spending on children’s education; (iii) female-headed households...

Authors are requested to select key words from the following list. You may use plurals and adjectives for combinations like absolute pupillary response, centrifugal optic nerve, inter blobs, etc. If key words are needed which do not appear in this list, please underline them. For animal classification the Latin nomenclature should be used. p-mechanism A-scan a-wave aberration absolute absorptio...

This paper proposes a theory of optimal public expenditure when unemployment is inefficient. The theory is based on a matching model. Optimal public expenditure deviates from the Samuelson rule to reduce the unemployment gap (the gap between the current and efficient rates of unemployment). Such optimal “stimulus spending” is described by a formula expressed with estimable sufficient statistics...

BACKGROUND In India, Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and injuries account for an estimated 62% of the total age-standardized burden of forgone Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Public and private financing of clinical services to reduce the NCD burden is a major challenge. METHODS We used National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) survey data from 1995-96 and 2004 covering nearly 200 t...

Consumption Expenditure Of the four components of aggregate demand, consumption expenditure C is the largest contributing to between 60% and 70% of total expenditure. For this reason, we often start our analysis with this particular component. This category of expenditure includes private spending on durable goods (automobiles, electronic goods, appliances, ... ), non-durable goods (food, cloth...

Social inequalities have been associated with morbidity and mortality. Gender, ethnic group and inequalities were studied in an adolescent population to analyze alcohol, tobacco and cannabis consumption. We carried out a cross-sectional study of pupils from high schools in Burela (northern Spain) (n=238). We used the "Factors de Risc en Estudiants de Secundária" questionnaire designed by Agènci...

Egypt's food subsidies (in 1996/97 5.5 percent of government expenditures or US$1.1 bn.) cover rationed oil and sugar (23 percent of subsidy cost) and unrationed bread and flour (77 percent). The subsidies enhance food security but are nontargeted and have substantial leakages. This paper uses a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate the short-run effects of alternative foodsubs...

BACKGROUND The goal of universal health coverage (UHC) requires inter alia that families who get needed health care do not suffer undue financial hardship as a result. This can be measured by the percentage of people in households whose out-of-pocket health expenditures are large relative to their income or consumption. We aimed to estimate the global incidence of catastrophic health spending, ...


 Este artículo propone un recorrido teórico : la evolución de demanda agregada en dos períodos tiempo, que, se enfatiza sobre variabilidad indicadores macroeconómicos como son: el crecimiento económico, gasto gobierno, y, consumo final los hogares; objetivo principal es contrastar las elasticidades que poseen hogares y del gobierno económico ecuatoriano dimensiones temporales, primera tom...