Freshwater populations of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in northern Germany are found as distinct lake and river ecotypes. Adaptation to habitat-specific parasites might influence immune capabilities of stickleback ecotypes. Here, naive laboratory-bred sticklebacks from lake and river populations were exposed reciprocally to parasite environments in a lake and a river habit...

Aims Factors limiting distributions of species are fundamental to ecology and evolution but have rarely been addressed experimentally for multiple species. The conspicuous linear distribution patterns of plant species confined to river corridors in the Central European lowlands constitute an especially long-standing distribution puzzle. We experimentally tested our novel hypothesis that the tol...

The carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of dissolved and particulate inorganic carbon (DIC; PIC) was used to compare and analyze the origin, dynamics and evolution of inorganic carbon in two headwater tributaries of the Xi River, Southwest China. Carbonate dissolution and soil CO2 were regarded as the primary sources of DIC on the basis of δ13CDIC values which varied along the Nanpan and Beipan ...

The effect of seed inoculation by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and different levels of phosphorus chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of barley (Karoon x Kavir cultivar) was studied in Experimental Farm of College of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University of Tehran during 2006-2007 growing seasons. The experimental treatments were arranged in split plot factorial based ...

the tele-connection patterns are the major constituents of climate at global and regional scale(s). the karoon basin is of a vital stance in providing natural water supply and hydroelectric; this basin is facing major fluctuations in rainfall regime. identifying the effect of tele-connection on great karoon basin rainfall regime is the subject of this study. to accomplish this objective the sea...

Google Earth, a software based on satellite’s images and database of navigation, gains features of high resolution, integrated images, quick update, convenience, simpleness and free cost. Practice of this software shows that it plays an important role in mapping, construction and river research. Based on the fundamental features of Google Earth, this passage makes an introduction to its applica...

Mercury stable isotope abundances were used to trace transport of Hg-impacted river sediment near a coal ash spill at Harriman, Tennessee, USA. δ(202)Hg values for Kingston coal ash released into the Emory River in 2008 are significantly negative (-1.78 ± 0.35‰), whereas sediments of the Clinch River, into which the Emory River flows, are contaminated by an additional Hg source (potentially fro...

Whitewater boaters often choose a river based on their preferences for attributes important for their trip experience. This study explored whether preferences and tradeoffs of whitewater boaters for social, resource, and managerial attributes of riverscapes differ among a high and a low use river in the United States by employing a stated choice approach. River trip scenarios were displayed usi...

Rivers can absorb certain amounts of contamination relying on different factors such as: river discharge, the primary conditions of the river, the river depth, discharge and the river viscosity of the offloaded wastes in the river. From parameters of water quality point of view, it is recom-mended to determine some parts of the river which are lower than the standard level in order to find out ...