the notion of peace, regardless of theorizations accepted in th field and since the                  enlightenment period, and the era known as modernism, has, constantly, been one of the challenges of mankind, and also scientists in the field of political sciences and international relations.  contrary to the presentation of the idea of peace and respect to the human rights in some of the fore...

halted his army on the banks of the Rubicon River in northern Italy. According to Suetonius, he paused in momentary hesitation, before sweeping across the waters toward Rome with the immortal phrase Alae iacta est (The die has been cast).1 By violating an ancient Roman law forbidding any general to cross the Rubicon with an army, Caesar’s decision made war inevitable. Ever since, “crossing the ...

In this article, it is argued that the constitutive principles of Just War Theory and jus ad bellum/jus in bello duality do not transfer all well to national security intelligence activity. Accordingly, while Intelligence – comprising intelligentiam intelligentia provides a useful starting point construction normative framework for activities, ultimately found be wanting number important respec...

The war on drugs will never be won, just as the war on cancer and the war on poverty will never be won; but what folly to fail to identify achievable goals, measures of progress, and strategy of action in the ongoing war. In each of these unwinnable wars great benefit (to both personal and public health) may be accrued from fighting on the right fronts. The challenge for the strategist is to di...

War forms an integral part of the history of mankind, alternately driving civilization forward, then imperiling it. A natural ambivalence toward war has thus developed, with its acceptance as a necessary evil tempered by vigorous, sustained efforts to control its frequency and intensity. Thus, from the dawn of the recorded history of conflict, attempts have been made to craft an ethical approac...