This master’s thesis discusses an important issue regarding how algorithmic decision making (ADM) is used in crime forecasting. In America forecasting tools are widely used by judiciary systems for making decisions about risk offenders based on criminal justice for risk offenders. By making use of such tools, the judiciary relies on ADM in order to make error free judgement on offenders. For th...

abortion traditionally means miscarriage and is still known as a problem, which societies have been trying to reduce its rate by using legal means. despite the fact that  pregnant women and fetuses have been historically supported;  abortion  was firstly criminalized in 1926 in iran, 20 years after establishment of modern legal system. during next 53 years this situation changed dramatically, t...

in the current studies, organization and management is of the opinion that the concept of spirituality and spirituality in work would be the answer and solution to reduce the negative functions such as stress, turnover and political behavior in organizations and lead to the favorable consequences, such as increased commitment and satisfaction the job entails. in this regard, there some factors ...

From 1487, Martin Mareš studied with the financial support of his brother-in-law Václav Rovné, a chancellor South Bohemian Rožmberk family, at University Bologna, where he received degree Doctor Canon Law in 1494. He was one favourite students leading Italian Humanist Filippo Beroaldo Elder, who dedicated first edition collection Orationes et poemata to him 1491. worked as parish priest native ...

priority and precedence of the uttered (mantuq) overimplicature (mafhum) is a matter of consensus amongscholars. the very priority has caused a disputeconcerning restriction of a general term by disaccordingimplicature (mafhum al-mukhalif). the dispute isoriginated by weakness of restriction by disaccordingimplicature. disagreement in this connection is subject toacceptance of authority of disa...

study of validity of implications of proofs is among fundamental discussions in both usul al-fiqh and fiqh. authorized conjectural proofs (amarat) and practical principles can have indirect juristic implications as they have direct ones. investigation of validity of such indirect implications and effects is entitled investigation of validity of implications of proofs. some usulis hold that impl...

need to develop a simple juridical practice ( legitimate license), juristic discourse contemporary and the object of desire of many people who search practice guidelines sentences easier and easier. it's the beginning of the sharia is built easily excreted by sin and tough. on the other hand, the complexity of modern life, today's expectations of religion besides the necessity of redu...

as the problem of sex reassignment is one of new problems raised in modern time on the one hand and this principle that juristic judgments and legal rules are subject to goods and evils as well as temporal and spatial necessities is an undeniable principle on the other, contemporary jurists have declared their opinions on that problem using dynamic jurisprudence in such a way that even one sing...