Is there something more frozen than A foundations B ? A quick glance at the list A foundations of mathematics B : http ://www.cs.nyu.edu/mailman/listinfo/fom shows a paradigm close to archaic astronomy : truth is a primitive (like Earth), around which several systems and meta-systems gravitate (like the epicycles of Ptolemy). This being orchestrated by Doctors of the Law, in charge of the lates...

were as frosty as the day and the mood in the ward was one of misery. My father later moved to another ward where there was no statement about quality but an air of happiness and purposefulness. As I sat by my father's bed the man in the next bed asked for a cup of tea. There was some gentle banter about not being the proper time for tea, and the man ended the exchange by saying that it was, af...

Abundant new ichthyosaur material has recently been documented in the Slottsmøya Member of the Agardhfjellet Formation from the Svalbard archipelago of Norway. Here we describe a partial skeleton of a new taxon, Janusaurus lundi, that includes much of the skull and representative portions of the postcranium. The new taxon is diagnosed by a suite of cranial character states including a very grac...

Plesiosaurs were the longest-surviving group of secondarily marine tetrapods, comparable in diversity to today's cetaceans. During their long evolutionary history, which spanned the Jurassic and the Cretaceous (201 to 66 Ma), plesiosaurs repeatedly evolved long- and short-necked body plans [1, 2]. Despite this postcranial plasticity, short-necked plesiosaur clades have traditionally been regard...

The arsenic concentrations in 297 coal samples were collected from the main coal-mines of 26 provinces in China were determined by molybdenum blue coloration method. These samples were collected from coals that vary widely in coal rank and coal-forming periods from the five main coal-bearing regions in China. Arsenic content in Chinese coals range between 0.24 to 71 mg/kg. The mean of the conce...

The Early Jurassic of China has long been recognized for its diverse array of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. However, the contribution of this record to our understanding of early sauropod evolution is complicated by a dearth of information on important transitional taxa. We present a revision of the poorly known taxon Sanpasaurus yaoi Young, 1944 from the late Early Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of ...

The early evolution of sauropod dinosaurs remains poorly understood, with a paucity of unequivocal sauropod taxa known from the first twenty million years of the Jurassic. Recently, the Early Jurassic of South Africa has yielded an assemblage of dental and post-cranial remains displaying a more apomorphic character suite than any other similarly aged sauropodomorph. These remains are interprete...

We describe Equisetum dimorphum sp. nov. from the Lower Jurassic of Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina. This new species is based on fertile and vegetative remains preserved as impressions of stems, leaves, strobili, transversal sections of the stems showing their anatomy, and terminal pagoda-like structures. The fine-grained sedimentary matrix also preserved detailed impressions of epiderma...

The Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous shallow water platform carbonates of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Plassen Formation, “Lärchberg Formation”) and the resedimented deposits of the latter within basinal series (Barmstein Limestone, Tressenstein Limestone) are currently under re-investigation (SCHLAGINTWEIT et al., 2003; GAWLICK et al., 2005). This shallow water development is directly linke...

BACKGROUND Basal sauropodomorphs, or 'prosauropods,' are a globally widespread paraphyletic assemblage of terrestrial herbivorous dinosaurs from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. In contrast to several other landmasses, the North American record of sauropodomorphs during this time interval remains sparse, limited to Early Jurassic occurrences of a single well-known taxon from eastern North ...