Herman Melville's novel Moby Dick was inspired by historical instances in which large sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus L.) sank 19th century whaling ships by ramming them with their foreheads. The immense forehead of sperm whales is possibly the largest, and one of the strangest, anatomical structures in the animal kingdom. It contains two large oil-filled compartments, known as the "sperma...

Because genomes are products of natural processes rather than " intelligent design, " all genomes contain functional and nonfunctional parts. The fraction of the genome that has no biological function is called " rubbish DNA. " Rubbish DNA consists of " junk DNA, " i.e., the fraction of the genome on which selection does not operate, and " garbage DNA, " i.e., sequences that lower the fitness o...

As e-mail becomes on of the most widely used methods of communication, with it’s ease of use, speed and low cost it has also become the target of advertisers. Just like “snail” mail, e-mail has become prone to junk e-mail but unlike “snail” mail the cost of distributing unsolicited junk e-mail to vast numbers of people is relatively cheap. This has lead to the desire for these unwanted e-mails ...

Scientists, as expert witnesses, can aid juries greatly in their deliberations by explaining technical matters in terms easily comprehensible to jurors. When, however, the expert testimony is based on mere conjecture, speculation, or poor methodology, it can mislead the jury. Such evidence is commonly referred to as junk science.: Contrary to what might be expected, junk science results not onl...

Many efforts have been done in order to explain the role of junk DNA, but its function remain to be elucidated. In addition the GC-content variations among species still represent an enigma. Both these two mysteries can have a common explanation: we hypothesize that the role of junk DNA is to preserve the mutations probability that is intrinsically reduced in GC-poorest genomes.

Understanding the predictors of developmental changes in adolescent eating behaviours is important for the design of nutrition interventions. The present study examined associations between individual, social and physical environmental factors and changes in adolescent eating behaviours over 2 years. Consumption of fruits, vegetables and energy-dense snacks was assessed using a Web-based survey...

background: this study aimed to assess the frequency of consuming different types of snacks among iranian students according to socio-economic status (ses) of their living region. methods: data were obtained from the fourth national school-based surveillance survey entitled caspian-iv study. overall, 14880 school students, aged 6-18 years, were selected through multistage, cluster sampling from...