The Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) is a pragmatic approach in risk assessment. In the absence of data, it sets up levels of human exposure that are considered to have no appreciable risk to human health. The Cramer decision tree is used extensively to determine these exposure thresholds by categorizing non-carcinogenic chemicals into three different structural classes. Therefore, assi...

In this chapter, we propose a theoretical framework for understanding some of the ways that affect can influence judgment and decision making. Affect and emotion have been topics of study for centuries and, as a result, the literature is vast. One recent search found more than 5,000 citations to this topic over the previous five years (Cacioppo & Gardner, 1999). In this chapter we will obviousl...

The use of interval judgment in the analytical hierarchy process, called Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP), has begun to grow in many decision making environments, providing an e ective means of modeling the presence of uncertainty in a decision makers judgment or representing comparisons in group decision making. Linear programming method can be used for generating weights in that sit...

Cooperating agents need to reach group decisions on several logically related issues. These decision-making problems are studied in social choice theory by the discipline of judgment aggregation. Judgment aggregation produces group decisions by aggregating individual answers to binary questions, however existing aggregation rules are defined for a very restricted setting, insufficient for aggre...

Weight aggregation is the key process to solve a multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem. This paper is trying to propose a possible approach to objectivize subjective information and to aggregate information from attribute values themselves and decision-makers’ judgment. An MAGDM problem without information about decision-makers’ and attributes’ weight is considered. In order ...