OBJECTIVE We present a new method for multivariate outbreak detection, the “nonparametric scan statistic” (NPSS). NPSS enables fast and accurate detection of emerging space-time clusters using multiple disparate data streams, including nontraditional data sources where standard parametric model assumptions are incorrect. BACKGROUND Expectation-based scan statistics [1] extend the traditional sp...

The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) is a managed species in the United States. In northern Wisconsin, as part of the state-wide beaver management program, the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest removes beavers from targeted trout streams on U.S. Forest Service lands. However, the success of this management program has not been evaluated. Targeted removals comprise only 3% of the annu...

A fundamental feature of the Earth’s climate is the distinction between the tropical and extratropical regimes. However, the boundaries of the tropics are not uniquely defined and vary among scientific disciplines. In astronomy and cartography, the edges of the tropical belt are the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, at latitudes of ~23.5 degrees north and south, where the sun is directly overhea...

Concentric mixing experiments with velocity ratios of up to 6 have been completed using hardwood pulp of 1.0, 1.9, and 2.9% consistency and water. Qualitative observations reveal that by increasing the velocity ratio, the inner jet spread angle is found to be larger (i.e., the jet spreads faster) and the downstream mixing region is more uniform. Furthermore, local consistency measurements show ...

Abstract. Atmospheric jet streams are typically separated into primarily “eddy-driven” (or polar-front) jets and “thermally driven” subtropical) jets. Some regions also display “merged” jets, resulting from the (quasi-)collocation of eddy generation with subtropical jet. The different locations driving mechanisms these arise very underlying result in characteristics. Here, we link current under...