JEL Classification Code(s): J 31, J 71) "Perceptions of Discrimination, Effort to Obtain Psychological Balance, and Relative Wages: Can We Infer a Happiness Gradient?" There is a substantial literature that finds a linkage between happiness and relative economic well being as measured by earnings or wages. There is also a well documented racial gap in wages. One explanation for this is disparat...

We have previously shown that the leader proteinase (L(pro)) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) blocks cap-dependent mRNA translation and that a genetically engineered FMDV lacking the leader proteinase coding region (A12-LLV2) is attenuated in cell culture and susceptible animals. The attenuated phenotype apparently is a consequence of the inability of A12-LLV2 to block the expression of t...

We study the minimal normal completion problem: given A ∈ Cn×n, how do we find an (n+q)×(n+q) normal matrix Aext := ( A A12 A21 A22 ) of smallest possible size? We will show that this smallest number q of rows and columns we need to add, called the normal defect of A, satisfies nd(A) ≥ max{i−(AA∗ −A∗A), i+(AA∗ −A∗A)}, where i±(M) denotes the number of positive and negative eigenvalues of the He...

ABCA12: adenosine triphosphate binding cassette A12 HI: harlequin ichthyosis NICU: neonatal intensive care unit INTRODUCTION Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis associated with mutations in the keratinocyte lipid transporter adenosine triphosphate binding cassette A12 (ABCA12), leading to disruption in lipid and protease transport into lamellar granules...

A large experimental literature has investigated the determinants of trust using variants of the so called trust game. However, a lot of ambiguity remains regarding the definition of what one is trusting: one extreme view is that since there are no explicit promises or guarantees made in the trust game, cheating is not defined and therefore trust is not implied. We address this concern by askin...

We argue that the Soros account of reflexivity does not provide a clear-cut distinction between a social science such as economics and the physical sciences. It is pointed out that the participants who attempt to learn from refutations of conjectures in the Soros world are likely to be haunted by the Duhem-Quine problem of conjointness of hypotheses and unfocussed refutation. On a more construc...

In order to explain excess co-operation in the one-shot prisoner's dilemma game, we first question the standard assumption of stable and selfish preferences by introducing the concept of social capital. This analysis leads to a model that explains excess co-operation through an accumulation of social capital. We allow preferences and norms to change over time and hence endogenise them. Our resu...