BACKGROUND Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures are the most common elbow fractures seen in children, and account for 16 % of all pediatric fractures. Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation is the current treatment technique of choice for displaced supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus in children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pin diameter affects the ...

The two commonly applied methods to assess dinitrogen (N(2)) fixation rates are the (15)N(2)-tracer addition and the acetylene reduction assay (ARA). Discrepancies between the two methods as well as inconsistencies between N(2) fixation rates and biomass/growth rates in culture experiments have been attributed to variable excretion of recently fixed N(2). Here we demonstrate that the (15)N(2)-t...

Limb lengthening by callus distraction is commonly performed with the use of external fixation. Lengthening is routinely performed by the patient through small increments throughout the course of a day. Ilizarov has shown that both the rate and frequency of distraction are important factors in the quality of osteogenesis. We report the effect of motorized high frequency distraction for tibial l...

Fracture of the calcaneum is common, and the majority are displaced intra-articular fracture patterns. Over the last three decades there have been considerable advances in the management of this injury. Open reduction and internal fixation is an accepted treatment for displaced fractures, and percutaneous techniques are now emerging. However, surgical treatment remains controversial, and many f...

External fixation can be an exceptional relief solution in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures. We would like to share our experience using external fixation techniques with either the Ilizarov frame or Hofmann system in 23 patients with complicated fractures.

BACKGROUND Elderly patients have more special medical needs when compared with young ones; thus, the results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for acetabular fractures should be stratified by age in these patients. This study seeks to determine whether the age of the patient influences the results of the ORIF for acetabular fractures. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis...

Spirochetes from termite hindguts and freshwater sediments possessed homologs of a nitrogenase gene (nifH) and exhibited nitrogenase activity, a previously unrecognized metabolic capability in spirochetes. Fixation of 15-dinitrogen was demonstrated with termite gut Treponema ZAS-9 and free-living Spirochaeta aurantia. Homologs of nifH were also present in human oral and bovine ruminal treponeme...

In completely displaced pediatric distal radial fractures, achieving satisfactory reduction with closed manipulation and maintenance of reduction with casting is difficult. Although the Kapandji technique of K-wiring is widely practiced for distal radial fracture fixation in adults, it is rarely used in pediatric acute fractures. Forty-six completely displaced distal radial fractures in childre...

Open reduction and screw fixation is the current standard treatment for displaced injuries of the ankle syndesmosis. Despite reduction and stable internal fixation, however, these injuries do not uniformly have excellent outcomes. In addition, screw fixation has potential disadvantages. The objective of this article was to provide an overview of the important anatomical and biomechanical issues...