NOTE: "Gerianne Sands is the Associate General Counsel at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. The views expressed here are those of the author and not that of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Ms. Sands can be contacted by writing to the Office of the General Counsel, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, POB 19024, MS J6-205, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024 or by e-mail at gjsands@f...

Calcitriol, the bioactive metabolite of vitamin D, was reported to inhibit HCV production in a synergistic fashion with interferon, a treatment in vitro. Our previous study established that miR-130a inhibits HCV replication by restoring the host innate immune response. We aimed to determine whether there is additive inhibitory effect of calcitriol and miR-130a on HCV replication. Here we showed...

Defining Unemployment in Developing Countries: Evidence from Trinidad and Tobago The International Labour Organisation (ILO) argues for relaxing the standard definition of unemployment in developing countries by eliminating the requirement that a person be actively searching for a job. We examine whether such an extension of the standard definition is appropriate in the case of Trinidad and Tob...

The Role of Borders, Languages, and Currencies as Obstacles to Labor Market Integration* Based on a modified Spatiotemporal Autoregressive Model (STAR), we analyze whether borders still constitute significant impediments to labor market integration in the European Union, despite the formal law of free movement of labor. Using regional data from the EU-15 countries over 21 years, we find that th...

Our analysis of migration differs from previous research in three important aspects. First, we exploit the confidential geocoding in the NLSY79 to obtain a distance-based measure. Second, we let the effect of migration on wage growth differ by schooling level. Third, we use propensity score matching to address selection issues. An economic model helps us determine the variables included in the ...

Re-Employment Probabilities over the Business Cycle Using a Cox proportional hazard model that allows for a flexible time dependence in order to incorporate business cycle effects, we analyze the determinants of reemployment probabilities of young workers in the U.S. from 1978-1989. We find considerable changes in the chances of young workers finding jobs over the business cycle despite the fac...

Two studies published recently in Blood' and Transfiision2 describe application of an inbred mouse model of allogeneic transfusion to investigate the role ofdonor leukocytesin inducingimmunosuppressive consequences of transfusion. Blajchman et al' showed a median fivefold increase in the frequency of pulmonary metastases at 21 days in C57/BI/J6 (H-2b) mice that were transfused with allogeneic (...

C hronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the United States, and the Centers for Disease Control has predicted that 10,000 Americans die annually from this disease. Since the discovery of HCV in 1989, basic research on this important pathogen has been difficult because of the lack of a robust cell-culture system. Thus, the recent development of ...

BACKGROUND The E2 glycoprotein is an important encoded hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein that contains three different variable regions. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to construct an HCV 1a/JFH1 chimeric virus by replacing the intergenotypic variable region (igVR) fragment of the highly variable region of the E2 gene of the Japanese Fulminant hepatitis genotype 2a JFH1 virus with ...