RECONSTRUCTION IN NORTHERN LIBERIA presented daunting challenges when the International Rescue Committee launched a community-driven reconstruction (CDR) program there in 2006. The area had been racked by civil war since 1989, when Charles Taylor’s rebel group, the NPFL, launched its attack from Cote d’Ivoire. The conflict was devastating, with 85 percent of the local population displaced at so...

This paper investigates the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth by using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach and vector error-correction models (VECM) in Cameroon, Cote D'Ivoire, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Kenya, Senegal, Togo and Zambia for period 1970-2010. The ARDL results show that there is cointegration relation between ...

The rice-fish farming project in Guinée Forestière launched in 2000 was, at the outset, a pilot project for the purpose of testing the introduction of a new production technique in an impoverished and landlocked region. It aimed to improve food security for people living in the region and to promote the creation of income through a diversification of activity and better land use. The interventi...

The use of cacao, in its familiar food and beverage form, dates back about 3,800 years. By the time of the discovery of America by Europeans, the Aztecs and Mayans had developed methods for drying, roasting and grinding cacao beans for use in beverages and foods. Today, the same processes are used, but have been adapted to modern machinery. The current study was conducted to compare the traditi...