OBJECT Posterolateral fusion involving instrumentation-assisted segmental fixation represents a valid procedure in the treatment of lumbar instability. In cases of anterior column failure, such as in isthmic spondylolisthesis, supplemental posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) may improve the fusion rate and endurance of the construct. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion is, however, a more de...

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are often diagnosed in children presenting with low back pain. Spondylolysis refers to a defect of the vertebral pars interarticularis. Spondylolisthesis is the forward translation of one vertebral segment over the one beneath it. Isthmic spondylolysis, isthmic spondylolisthesis, and stress reactions involving the pars interarticularis are the most common for...

OBJECTIVE Experimental studies on fetal lambs have shown that during an increase in the resistance to placental flow the delivery of oxygen to the brain is preserved as long as net flow through the aortic isthmus is antegrade. Our purpose was to determine whether the same changes in aortic isthmus flow in human subjects have any impact on neurodevelopmental outcome. STUDY DESIGN Forty-four fe...

Study Design Adult human osteologic specimens were assessed for spondylolytic defects and characterized. Objectives To characterize and determine the prevalence of spondylolytic defects in an osteological collection. Methods Lumbar vertebrae from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History were examined. Digital images of specimens with L5 isthmic spondylo...

Spontaneous electromyographic (EMG) activity of the oviduct recorded in vivo in untreated, estrogen-treated, and progesterone-treated castrated rabbits was found to exhibit two main patterns: short spike bursts lasting 1-10 s and long trains of action potentials lasting several minutes, which constituted the major component of EMG activity. After estrogen treatment, both wet weight and noradren...

The regionalization of the neural tube along the anteroposterior axis is established through the action of patterning signals from the endomesoderm including the organizer. These signals set up a pre-pattern which is subsequently refined through local patterning events. The midbrain-hindbrain junction, or isthmus, is endowed with such an organizing activity. It is able to induce graded expressi...

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first article to present a pedicle subtraction osteotomy in the lumbar spine to correct and stabilize a high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis, which poses many challenges with regard to treatment options and outcomes. The optimal surgical treatment for high-grade spondylolisthesis is controversial, but the goals of treatment are to stabilize the affected sp...

Traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA) is one of the leading causes of death in automotive crashes. The risk of fatality is higher if the injury is not detected and treated promptly. Numerous laboratory experiments and retrospective studies with focus on TRA have yielded limited success. The use of numerical surrogates has become increasingly important in investigating injuries such as TRA. Four ...