We find that green bond issuers are more financially constrained. use three measures of financial constraint, which the FCP index, SA and Altman’s Z score. test link between issuance constraints using difference in means, regression analyses a matching procedure. finally document these increase after first issuance.

making a negotiable instrument on behalf is one of the most important issues in negotiable instruments law. under general rules, the principle has the obligations arising from making negotiable instrument on behalf and agent is not in charge. if the maker wasn’t an agent or he violated the representation area, his act wouldn’t be valid. now the question is if the agent doesn’t manifest his posi...

Patient blood management is now high on national and international health-system agendas. Serious supply challenges as a result of changing population dynamics, escalating cost of blood, ongoing safety challenges and questions about transfusion efficacy and outcomes are necessitating change in transfusion practice. Numerous initiatives are underway to bring about change, including the instituti...

Issuance effects are regarded as one of the most important aspects referring to regulatory guidelines green corporate bond ratings. This paper developed a new incentive difference Hotelling model, considering four major factors, i.e., direct effect issuance, indirect reputation rating agencies and penalties. In this how impact dual mechanism integrated was discussed. Numerical experiments were ...