Indentation testing has frequently been used as a method to obtain the material properties of articular cartilage in compression [1]. To account for the wellestablished anisotropic nature of cartilage [2] previous studies have modeled the cartilage as a transversely isotropic biphasic material using optimized FEM curvefitting techniques to obtain the material properties of the tissue in compres...

A porous material was considered as a platform for optical sensing. It was envisaged that the porous material was infiltrated by a fluid that contains an agent to be sensed. Changes in the optical properties of the infiltrated porous material provide the basis for detection of the agent to be sensed. Using a homogenization approach based on the Bruggeman formalism, wherein the infiltrated porou...

The change of signature of a metric is explained using simple examples and methods. The Klein-Gordon field on a signature-changing background is discussed, and it is shown how the approach of Dray et al. can be corrected to ensure that the KleinGordon equation holds. Isotropic cosmologies are discussed, and it is shown how the approach of Ellis et al. can be corrected to ensure that the Einstei...

Although many researchers have made the assumption that the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) wall behaves as an incompressible and isotropic material, the experimental evidence for it is insufficient. Hence, the assumptions about the incompressibility and isotropy of the AAA wall were verified through analysis of stretch ratios of samples excised from the aneurysms walls. The stretch ratios were...

This paper investigated the effect of residual thermal stresses on carbon fibre pullout by using cohesive zone modelling. The finite element method was applied to analyse the residual thermal stress components along the interface between the fibre and matrix due to curing. A comparison study on the anisotropic and isotropic material properties are considered using four typical carbon fibres, T3...

microfabrication applications, it is widely used to transfer the designed patterns from an etching mask to the substrate. When the sample is immersed into the etching bath, the etchant only contacts and reacts with the substrate surfaces where are uncovered by the etching mask. The suitable materials for the mask can be polymers or other materials such as photoresist, SU-8,SiO2 andSi3N4, which ...

2Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.B.P.U.A.T., Pantnagar, U.S.Nagar, Uttarakhand, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Topology optimization is the most important part of structural optimization which is employed when the design is at the conceptual stage. Gener...

In general, thermodynamic admissibility requires isotropic materials develop reversible deformation induced anisotropy (RDIA) in their elastic stiffnesses. Taking the elastic potential for an isotropic material to be a function of the strain invariants, isotropy of the elastic stiffness is possible under distortional loading if and only if the bulk modulus is independent of the strain deviator ...

This paper investigates the free edge effect on the stress field of a carbon fiber, which is embedded into an epoxy matrix. The fiber is assumed to possess cylindrical symmetry and to be transversely isotropic. The matrix is assumed to be of an isotropic material. The stress field is induced by a uniform tension applied on the matrix at points far away from the fiber surface. The displacement a...

Anisotropic creep-damage modeling has become an increasingly important prediction technique in both the aerospace and industrial gas turbine industries. The introduction of tensorial damage mechanics formulations in modeling tertiary creep behavior has lead to improved predictions of the creep strain that develops due to anisotropic grain structures and the induced anisotropy that occurs with i...