The structure of low-energy supersymmetric models of fundamental particles and interactions is reviewed, with an emphasis on the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) and some of its variants. Various approaches to the supersymmetry-breaking mechanism are considered. The implications for the phenomenology of Higgs bosons and supersymmetric particles at future colliders a...

We derive compact analytical formulae of the Bonneau-Martin type for the reaction e + e − → ¯ f f γ with cuts on minimal energy and acollinearity of the fermions, where the photons may be emitted both from the initial or final states. Soft photon exponentiation is also taken into account. One of the cleanest scattering processes at elementary particle accelerators is fermion-pair production in ...

One of the major goals of the Large Hadron Collider is to probe the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism and the generation of the masses of the elementary particles. We review the physics of the Higgs sector in the Standard Model and some of its extensions such as supersymmetric theories and models of extra dimensions. The prospects for discovering the Higgs particles at the LHC and the stu...

T he search for physics beyond the standard model—our current best description of fundamental particles and the interactions between them—is a top priority at high-energy particle accelerators. But researchers are also searching for new physics in the “low-energy” environment of the nucleus through a process known as neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay. This hypothetical decay would show that...

We study two type effects of gravitational field on mechanical gyroscopes (i.e. rotating extended bodies). The first depends on special relativity and equivalence principle. The second is related to the coupling (i.e. a new force) between the spins of mechanical gyroscopes, which would violate the equivalent principle. In order to give a theoretical prediction to the second we suggest a spin-sp...

In the sessions devoted to quantum electrodynamics it has become clear that the theory of the electron and its electromagnetic interaction is at the moment in good shape, in the sense that there is hardly any direct experimental indication for the need of improvement, let alone for the direction in which modification of the theory should be sought for. It is true that the divergent character of...

INTRODUCTION Protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos and even quarks are often featured in news of scientific discoveries. All of these, and a whole "zoo" of others, are tiny sub-atomic particles too small to be seen even with the microscopes. While molecules and atoms are the basic elements of familiar substances that we can see and feel, we have to "look" within atoms in order to learn about ...

The muon is an elementary particle. It has the same electric charge and spin as electron, but it about two hundred times heavier. was unexpected when observed in cosmic ray experiments 1936. “Who ordered that?” Isidor Rabi asked. Results concerning continue to surprise physicists may even point strong evidence for physics lying beyond Standard Model.