The sensitivity of second and third generations of interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors will be limited by the thermal noise of the test-mass mirrors and highly reflective coatings. Recently developed crystalline coatings show a promising thermal noise reduction compared to presently used amorphous coatings. However, stringent requirements apply to the optical properties of the coa...

The stable isotope ratios of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen have been measured for a German oak in wood samples of roughly three years each, for the years 1712-1954 A.D., and correlated with the existing weather records from England, Basel, and Geneva to evaluate the empirical temperature coefficients. Isotope ratios in a second official oak, measured for the years 1530-1800 A.D., show the cold t...

ity of Nevirapine in Whole Blood and Serum, Chantelle J. Bennetto, Jennifer R. King, Michele L. Turner, Jeffrey S.A. Stringer, and Edward P. Acosta (The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1 Division of Clinical Pharmacology and 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Birmingham, AL; * address correspondence to this author at: University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Divisio...

We propose a model with some of the main demographic, economic and institutional factors usually considered to matter in the transition to modern growth. We apply our theory to England over the period 1530-1860. We use the model to measure the impact of mortality, population density and technological progress on school foundations, literacy and growth through a set of experiments. We find that ...

Erbium diffusion doping of LiNbO3 (e.g. 30 nm / 1130 °C / 150 hrs) is the preferred method to fabricate an excellent laser material for integrated optics. After Er-doping single mode channel waveguides are defined by the standard indiffusion technique of Ti-stripes. By optical pumping at λ = 1480 nm a wavelenth dependent gain of up to 2 dB/cm is achieved (1530 nm < λ < 1610 nm). Different types...