BACKGROUND Often, long-term treatment with benzodiazepines is a subject of discussion due to potential side effects, with dependence on benzodiazepines as the most serous one. After longer period of benzodiazepines tolerance on their anxiolytic effects develops. Discontinuation is usually beneficial as it is followed by improved psychomotor and cognitive functioning, particularly in the elderly...

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) disease may cause excessive crying in infants. The role of GOR was evaluated in infant irritability and an attempt was made to define clinical predictors of pathological reflux. Seventy consecutively admitted infants with irritability and presumptive GOR were retrospectively reviewed. All had undergone prolonged oesophageal pH monitoring. Pathological GOR was def...

Oral contraceptive (ORC)-related depression and irritability are among the most commonly reported drug-induced psychiatric symptoms. To investigate the etiological role of genetic factors in ORC-related symptoms, we studied questionnaire responses in 715 monozygotic and 416 dizygotic volunteer twin pairs concordant for ORC usage. Biometrical genetic analysis indicated that the liability to ORC-...

A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed examining the efficacy of aripiprazole for the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder in children and adolescents. Aripiprazole was found to be more effective in reducing irritability compared with placebo at 8 weeks, SMD -0.64 [-0.90 to -0.39, P < 0.00001] as determined by the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist irritability su...

Guanidine applied to Nitella may lower the threshold of E.M.F. required to produce electrical stimulation and may give rise to trains of action currents. Its effect thus appears to be somewhat similar to that observed in animals. Rapid action currents are produced as well as "square topped" action curves and transitional forms. These effects may be due in part to increased protoplasmic conducti...

Idem., St. Bart's Hosp. med. Rep., 1912, 43, 73. Idem., Brit. med. J., 1912, ii, 1367. Idem., Brit. J. Surg., 1914, 2, 17. Idem., The Robert Jones Birthday Volume, Oxford University Press, 1928, p. 127. Idem., J. Bone Jt Surg., 1931, 13, 423. ELMSLE, R. C., FRASER, F. R., DUNHLL, T. P., VICK, R. M., HARRIS, C. F., and DAUPHINEE, J. A., Brit. J. Surg., 1933, 20, 479. ELMsLE, R. C., Lpool med.-ch...

The co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder has received much recent attention in the literature. The authors review the literature examining associations between ADHD and bipolar disorder in children, and data concerning severe irritability in youth with ADHD. This article focuses on (1) population-based studies examining ADHD and bipolar disorder ...

Background The Great East Japan Earthquake triggered accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, becoming first complex disaster that included both a natural and nuclear power disaster. This study examines how disasters affect patients with dementia. Methods Participants 331 people diagnosed dementia out of 2482 new (between January 2008 December 2015) psychiatric hospital located i...