Irrigation canals are large-scale systems, consisting of many interacting components, and spanning vast geographical areas. For safe and efficient operation of these canals, maintaining the levels of the water flows close to prespecified reference values is crucial, both under normal operating conditions as well as in extreme situations. Irrigation canals are equipped with local controllers, to...

This paper presents the experiences on capacity development for irrigation in Kenya, drawing from a study of seven smallholder irrigation schemes, namely: New Mutaro, Emening, Mitunguu, Ng’uuru Gakirwe, Lari, MukuriaKyambogo and Isiolo River Water Users Association. These schemes were selected for their apparent success in irrigation management, sustainability and poverty reduction among the be...

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the cleaning ability of ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and a novel activation system with reciprocating motion (EC, EasyClean, Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos) when used with a relatively new chelating agent (QMix, Dentsply). In addition, the effect of QMix solution when used for a shorter (1 minute) and a longer application time (3 minutes) was inv...