Qavam al-Din Shirazi is one of the prominent architects of the Timurid era who has memorized many works such as the Goharshad Mosque in Mashhad and the Herat Goharshad Mosque. What is considered as an architectural work in the study of a building is the material and physical aspects of the architectural space. Due to the destruction of Heratchr('39')s Goharshad Mosque, one of the ways to unders...

Objectives: One way to improve the social participation of the elderly is to pay attention to environmental adaptation, and ensure safety and independence of them in places they use. Due to the rapid growth of the aging population in Iran and considering the important role of mosques as one of the main religious-spiritual places for the elderly, conducting studies to determine the structural su...

Mosque as a social worship center for continued dynamic life requires strong communication with the context achieved through the physical and natural human connection to the external environment. Appropriate communication between the building and the context of its formation is the most important thing in architecture .The role of between spaces in creating or making connection and detachment i...

while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...