This paper examines the necessity of regulating the Iranian card payments system (SHAPARAK) based on the theory of two-sided markets. The expansion of the payment card system in recent years has arisen some questions regarding the role of all kinds of costs and expenses such as interchange fees, cardholder fees, merchant fees, and network externality in balancing the market. Since there is only...

Design in the field of photography printing on porcelain includes a wide range methods different methods. One main reasons for welcoming audiences from these dishes is visual appeal various floral motifs. This research's central question how can Iranian identity be created by using principles designing and photoreversal motifs ceramic containers? Understanding nature decal printing, motifs, dis...

BACKGROUND Anthropological studies based on highly polymorphic HLA genes provide useful information for bone marrow donor registry, forensic medicine, disease association studies, as well as designing peptide vaccines against tumors, and infectious or autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the genetic relationship of Iranian Arabs and Jews using HLA-class II gen...

This paper examines the impact of trade sanctions, imposed against large exporting nations, on degree spatial integration achieved between non-sanctioned importing markets. The analysis is conducted under a parity bounds framework based Negassa and Myers (American Journal Agricultural Economics, 89, 2007, 338). We apply this model to investigate effects 2012–2016 sanctions Iran's petrochemical ...

Some new, unlisted types of Samarian coins have appeared recently on the antiquities market. In present paper I would like to discuss some points concerning one them, which is especially interesting because its iconography. The coin market in Autumn 2021. Its reverse shows an image a cavalryman with spear or javelin. Unlike other images Iranian cavalrymen depicted coins, exemplar probably "the ...

Copyright © 2014, Iranian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ISRAPM); Published by Kowsar Corp. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. There are many references in ancient Iranian literature on...

Iranian traditional architecture is one of the world's architectures par excellence. It was one of the most important architectures in the medieval Islamic world. Iranian architecture has developed over millennia in response to its religion. Many traditional and vernacular buildings in Iran show that the architects had been so clever in harmonizing the Iranian religion and architecture in the p...