In this paper, we present the Input Output Timed Automaton (IOTA) model for the speciica-tion and veriication of parallel real-time digital systems. Our model extends Nancy Lynch's IOA model Lynch:88a] to allow for the inclusion of timing properties. We have used the IOTA model to study a range of real-time digital systems. In particular, we used it to specify and verify asynchronous circuit de...

Purpose Environmental impact assessment (EIA) for transport infrastructure should consider geological constraints, legislative regulations, public policy and other strategic considerations. These considerations constraints that are often seen as the most challenging issues facing transportation planners critically reviewed. Subsequently, this study aims to evaluate enviromnetal impacts of civil...

The IEEE 1394 architecture standard defines a high performance serial multimedia bus that allows several components in a network to communicate with each other at high speed. In the physical layer of the architecture, a leader election protocol is used to find a spanning tree with a unique root in the network topology. If there is a cycle in the network, the protocol treats this as an error sit...

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an important driver in managing scarce water resources and making decisions on real-time future irrigation scheduling. Therefore, accurate prediction of ET0 crucial the management discipline. In this study, was performed by employing several optimization algorithms tuned Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) Tree (FT) models, for first time, whose generalization cap...

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requesting information and comments on the use of intraoral appliance (IOA) models as a substitute for the animal caries reduction (“rat caries models”) biological test required by the monograph for over-the-counter (OTC) anticaries drug products to demonstrate the availability of fluoride in OTC dentifrice formulations. This notice is part of the ongoi...