In this paper, we analyze the errors novice students make when developing invariant based programs. In addition to presenting the general error types, we also look at what students have difficulty with when it comes to expressing invariants. The results indicate that an introductory course utilizing the invariant based approach is suitable from the very beginning of university studies in CS wit...

We construct Ionel-Parker’s proposed refinement of the standard relative Gromov-Witten invariants in terms of abelian covers of the symplectic divisor and discuss in what sense it gives rise to invariants. We use it to obtain some vanishing results for the standard relative GromovWitten invariants. In a separate paper, we describe to what extent this refinement sharpens the usual symplectic sum...

In this paper, we consider the width invariant trapezoidal and triangularapproximations of fuzzy numbers. The presented methods avoid the effortful computation of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Theorem. Some properties of the new approximation methods are presented and the applicability of the methods is illustrated by examples. In addition, we show that the proposed approximations of fuzzy numbers preserv...

In this paper‎, ‎we show the stability of Gustafson‎, ‎Weidmann‎, ‎Kato‎, ‎Wolf‎, ‎Schechter and Browder essential spectrum of bounded linear operators on Banach spaces which remain invariant under additive perturbations‎ ‎belonging to a broad classes of operators $U$ such $gamma(U^m)

This paper presents the basic concepts of stability in fuzzy linguistic models. Theauthors have proposed a criterion for BIBO stability analysis of fuzzy linguistic modelsassociated to linear time invariant systems [25]-[28]. This paper presents the basic concepts ofstability in the general nonlinear and linear systems. This stability analysis method is verifiedusing a benchmark system analysis.