OBJECTIVE To examine the environmental life cycle from poppy farming through to production of 100 mg in 100 mL of intravenous morphine (standard infusion bag). DESIGN 'Cradle-to-grave' process-based life cycle assessment (observational). SETTINGS Australian opium poppy farms, and facilities for pelletising, manufacturing morphine, and sterilising and packaging bags of morphine. MAIN OUTCO...

BACKGROUND Descriptions of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of morphine and its metabolites in young children are scant. Previous studies have not differentiated the effects of size from those related to age during infancy. METHODS Postoperative children 0-3 yr old were given an intravenous loading dose of morphine hydrochloride (100 micro g kg(-1) in 2 min) followed by either an intraveno...

CONTEXT Newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) undergo a variety of painful procedures and stressful events. Because the effect of continuous morphine infusion in preterm neonates has not been investigated systematically, there is confusion regarding whether morphine should be used routinely in this setting. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of continuous intravenous morph...

BACKGROUND Intrathecal morphine for caesarean delivery provides excellent postoperative analgesia but it is commonly associated with nausea and vomiting. This prospective, randomized, double blind study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron with dexamethasone alone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following intra...

OBJECTIVE Multimodal analgesic methods are preferred for the treatment of postoperative pain; as a result, the additive effects of analgesics are provided while probable side effects are avoided. The current study aimed to compare the effects of the combination of dexketoprofen and paracetamol with regard to postoperative pain therapy. METHODS Ninety-six patients who underwent non-malignant g...

Recent studies have proposed intravenous (IV) morphine is associated with delayed action of antiplatelet agents in acute myocardial infarction. However, it is unknown whether morphine results in increased myocardial damage in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated myocardial salvage index (MSI) to ...

PURPOSE To compare total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients who received continuous femoral nerve block (FNB) with local anaesthetics through a catheter versus patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous morphine. METHODS 50 women and 10 men aged 51 to 84 years with matched characteristics underwent TKA and received either continuous FNB with local anaesthetics through a catheter (n=30)...

The intravenous injection of vancomycin sometimes causes anaphylactoid reactions, in which histamine release may play a major role. These reactions are more frequently manifested when vancomycin is injected into anesthetized patients. We examined the vancomycin-induced histamine release and the interaction of vancomycin with muscle relaxants or opioid in rats. In an in vitro study with rat peri...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of intravenous morphine on pain reduction, physical examination, and diagnostic accuracy in children with acute abdominal pain. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at an emergency department of a tertiary care children's hospital. Children aged 5-18 years with abdominal pain of < or =5 days' duration, pain score...

BACKGROUND Renal colic is an acute flank pain which may radiate to the groin, lower abdomen, or external genitalia due to the passage of a urinary stones. Pain management is the most important task in emergency wards when a patient with renal colic attends. This study aims to compare intravenous acetaminophen plus a low dose of morphine with a full dose of morphine in renal colic. METHODS In ...