Background : Propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol, PG) is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, as well as topical pharmaceutical preparations. While PG is generally considered to be safe, it has been known that large intravenous doses given over a short period of time can be toxic. Objective: To evaluate the effect of PG in sepsis induced by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LP...

conclusions intravenous acetaminophen administered before caesarean section reduced tachycardia after intubation, narcotic drugs administration during and after the operation and reduced pain in pacu. results patients in the saline group experienced more pain in the recovery room (vas 7.0 ± 1.24 vs. 6.15 ± 2.27; p value = 0.041) and required more fentanyl intraoperatively (150 µg vs. 87.7 ± 75;...

BACKGROUND Reports of inappropriate medication use are widespread. There is a growing literature detailing abuse of drugs not typically thought to have high abuse liability. Melatonin is considered to be generally safe and is categorized by the Food and Drug Administration as a nutritional supplement. There are no known reports of intravenous melatonin abuse in the medical literature. CASE PR...

Intravenous amiodarone is commonly used for heart rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation who are at risk of hemodynamic instability; however, its administration severe thyroid dysfunction often avoided because known toxicity. Furthermore, the existing literature focusing on this topic limited. Here, we present a case storm, fibrillation, and reduced left ventricular systolic function...

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is defined as a technique of general anaesthesia using a combination of agents given solely by the intravenous route and in the absence of inhalational agents. The intravenous route has long and efficiently been used to administer anesthetics drugs, but inhalational anesthesia with modern drugs and machines had revolutionized human anesthesia from the 1960s....

Chitosan nanoparticles are good drug carriers because of their good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and can be readily modified. As a new drug delivery system, they have attracted increasing attention for their wide applications in, for example, loading protein drugs, gene drugs, and anticancer chemical drugs, and via various routes of administration including oral, nasal, intravenous, a...

Succinylcholine is used during induction of anesthesia, and it may induce fasciculations. In this study we demonstrated that intravenous diazepam (1 mg/kg) or lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) can decrease fasciculations induced by succinylcholine. There is no significant difference between these two drugs in reducing fasciculations moreover, these drugs can also prevent raised blood pressure and heart rat...

BACKGROUND Encephalitis presents with seizures in the acute phase and increases the risk of late unprovoked seizures and epilepsy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antiepileptic drugs in pediatric patients with acute seizures due to encephalitis and epilepsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cases of acute pediatric encephalitis between January 2000 and December 2010 were reviewed. Clinical dat...

statement of the problem: some children do not show an appropriate cooperation with their dentist. a number of them cannot be managed by local anesthesia and the usual techniques used to control behaviors, so further steps are required to control their pain and anxiety. pharmaceutical control is recommended through sedation or general anesthesia. purpose: this study was aimed to evaluate two gr...