introduction: preoperative psycho emotional preparation of patients is one of the principle purposes of anesthesia which can be achieved by administration of premedications. children should receive premedication before entering the operating room due to their dependence on parents and the fear and anxiety of separation from parents. different drugs are administered for this purpose, but conside...

Bordetella bronchiseptica is known to cause infectious atrophic rhinitis of swine (13) and rabbits (9), to cause respiratory diseases in dogs (1), and to bring about death due to sepsis of aninals such as mice (5), guinea pigs (5), and swine (M. Maeda and T. Shimizu, 83rd Meet. Jpn. Soc. Vet. Sci., Abstr. No. 66). Hitherto, killed vaccines were mainly studied for prophylaxis of B. bronchiseptic...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for efficient SARS 2 (SARS-CoV-2) preventative vaccines to limit burden and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. Intranasal immunization is a promising technique preventing COVID-19 because nasal mucosa acts as first line defense against entrance before virus spreads lungs. Nasal vaccination many advantages over traditi...

the effeminacy of three rubella vaccines, hpv/77 ide-5, cendehill-51 and wistar ra/27/3 in conferring immunity against untenanted rubella virus was compared. vaccination resulted in 90-100 percent protection against clinical rubella. intranasal challenge with the untenanted strain of rubella virus resulted in serologic evidence of in apparent reinfection in three of the ten cendehill-51 vaccine...

BACKGROUND The novel influenza vaccine MVA-NP+M1 is designed to boost cross-reactive T-cell responses to internal antigens of the influenza A virus that are conserved across all subtypes, providing protection against both influenza disease and virus shedding against all influenza A viruses. Following a phase 1 clinical study that demonstrated vaccine safety and immunogenicity, a phase 2a vaccin...

Conjugated vaccines consisting of flagellin and antigen activate TLR5 and induce strong innate and adaptive immune responses. Objective of the present study was to gain further insight into the mechanisms by which flagellin fusion proteins mediate their immune modulating effects. In a mouse model of Ova-induced intestinal allergy a fusion protein of flagellin and Ova (rflaA:Ova) was used for in...

Previous studies demonstrated cross talk between mucosal and reproductive organs during secretory IgA Ab induction. In this study, we aimed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this cross talk. We found significantly higher titers of Ag-specific secretory IgA Ab in the vaginal wash after mucosal vaccination by both the intranasal (i.n.) and the intravaginal routes but not by the s.c. route. ...