The fluorescein tear film break-up test is a common tear film stability test for dry eye diagnosis. This test requires applying fluorescein sodium drops to a tear film to observe the tear film break-up. However, this test is limited by using the fluorescein sodium drops, which can induce reflex tearing and reduce the reliability of the diagnosis results. This paper proposes that tear film evapo...

PURPOSE To determine the repeatability of real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of tear film thickness (TFT) and variables of tear film menisci. METHODS Forty eyes were imaged with a custom-built, real-time OCT to obtain heights, curvatures, and cross-sectional areas of upper and lower tear menisci simultaneously. The central TFT was indirectly determined as the difference...

PURPOSE To determine the clinical features of tear fluid signs associated with filtration blebs via three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography (3D AS-OCT). METHODS In total, 152 eyes (130 patients) with glaucoma that underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were evaluated retrospectively. We investigated tear fluid signs associated with filtration blebs, using 3D AS-OCT ...

PURPOSE Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) presents nonspecific ocular surface irritation. The hypothesis for the current study was that one contributing factor is the abnormality in tear film dynamics. METHODS Sixteen patients with FES were consecutively examined. Tear film dynamics were evaluated by kinetic tear interference images, infrared thermometry, water evaporation rate, tear break-up time...

PURPOSE To investigate the relationships between tear osmolarity and other ocular surface parameters and to determine the diagnostic value of tear osmolarity in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) using tear film break-up time, Schirmer I test, and cornea/conjunctiva staining. METHODS We included 310 eyes of 155 patients diagnosed with dry eye disease (39 primary SS and 116 non-Sjögren dry eye di...

Thirty-two patients with raised intraocular pressure were treated for 1 year with topical timolol 0.5% twice daily. There was satisfactory pressure reduction on this drug alone in 25 patients. The tear flow (modified Schirmer I test) was measured, and the tear lysozyme concentration was assayed before, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after beginning treatment. No subjective symptoms occurred and no ...

In the very beginning stage of the lung changes are Perivascular, capillary wall edema, thickening of the interstitial, lymph and vascular dilatation.  In the late stage of the shock the following changes will occuree  Microthromboses of the lung capillary, polynulcear in­filtration into the interstitial, the existence of polynu­clear in the alveoli, proliferation of interstitial mesenchy­ma,...

The specific and non-specific tear proteins have been analysed by means of the ELISA technique to establish the normal and age-related values. There is a linear and related decline of lysozyme and lactoferrin with age, and a similar but unrelated reduction in tear volume. IgA levels gradually decline, while caeruloplasmin and IgG both increase after the fifth decade. The results suggest that te...

Purpose To determine whether levels of endogenous tear protein, lacritin, are linked to altered corneal innervation and dry eye severity in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Methods Clinical data were obtained from 10 SS and 10 age-matched controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess total tear lacritin extracted from Schirmer strips. Western blot was used to detect act...

PURPOSE To investigate whether tear hyperosmolarity, a feature of dry eye disease (DED), affects central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal light reflectivity, and/or tear film reflectivity. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study involved 48 participants (38 with hyperosmolar tears and 10 controls with normo-osmolar tears). Symptoms and signs of DED (tear osmolarity, sodium fluorescein...