background: ionizing radiation is present in all environment of the earth’s surface, beneath the earth and in the atmosphere. human beings are exposed to external radiation from their surroundings naturally and also to internal radiation from food, water and air they consume. then, it is important to measure and develop knowledge about radiation. objective: this study is designed to evaluate th...

background: in vivo dosimetry is a method for estimation of overall error in the delivered dose to the patients at the end of radiotherapy process. in this research, two methods for target dose calculation were evaluated on midline and central axis of photon beams in in vivo dosimetry of thorax fields. materials and methods: entrance and exit doses for anterior and lateral fields of thorax were...

UNLABELLED An object-oriented software system is described for estimating internal emitter absorbed doses using a set of computer modules operating within a personal computer environment. The system is called the Radionuclide Treatment Planning and Absorbed Dose Estimation System (RTDS). It is intended for radioimmunotherapy applications, although other forms of internal emitter therapy may als...

introduction: coronary angiography and angioplasty procedures lead to significant radiation exposure of patients. in the current study, the average radiation dose to patients during angiography in the angiography department of shahid-madani hospital was determined. materials and methods: an image intensifier based angiography unit (philips bh 3000) was used for angiography procedures. the accur...

During cancer chemotherapy toxicity to normal tissues often limits the tolerable dose. To increase drug delivery to tumor while maintaining tolerable systemic exposure, regional treatments, such as intraarterial drug delivery, have been used. Despite intraarterial delivery, systemic toxicity often remains the dose-limiting sensitivity. If systemic drug exposure could be reduced after intraarter...

During cancer chemotherapy toxicity to normal tissues often limits the tolerable dose. To increase drug delivery to tumor while maintaining tolerable systemic exposure, regional treatments, such as intraarterial drug delivery, have been used. Despite intraarterial delivery, systemic toxicity often remains the dose-limiting sensitivity. If systemic drug exposure could be reduced after intraarter...

Activity concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr in samples of vegetation and natural food products collected in the Kola Peninsula in 1998 and 1999 indicate a very slow decrease in contamination levels during the last decade, mainly due to the physical decay of the radionuclides. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in reindeer meat decreased with a half-life of about 9 years. 137Cs in lichen, moss a...

Little is known about genetic susceptibility to individual trihalomethanes (THM) in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a nested case-control study of 682 pregnant women in Kaunas (Lithuania) and, using individual information on drinking water, ingestion, showering and bathing, and uptake factors of THMs in blood, estimated an internal THM dose. We used logistic regression to e...

In order to evaluate internal dose, MIRD system was proposed by Society of Nuclear Medicine in 1976. MIRDOSE3 computer software based on this concept is currently the most frequently used tool to calculate the organ dose in nuclear medicine community. Unfortunately it uses fixed anthropomorphic phantoms, so the geometric parameters of organs are short of individual characteristics. Although the...

The authors conducted a nested case-control study of the association between lung cancer mortality and cumulative internal lung doses among a cohort of workers employed at the Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado from 1951 to 1989. Cases (n = 180) were individually matched with controls (n = 720) on age, sex, and birth year. Annual doses to the lung from plutonium, americium, and uranium isotopes were...