INTRODUCTION Intermittent smokers account for a large proportion of all smokers, and this trend is increasing. Social and communication inequalities may account for disparities in intermittent smoking status. METHODS Data for this study came from 2,641 ever-smokers from a 2003 nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Independent variables of interest included race/ethnicity, sex, hou...

We hypothesized that, in male rats, 10% fructose in drinking water would depress ventilatory responsiveness to acute hypoxia (10% O2 in N2) and hypercapnia (5% CO2 in O2) that would be depressed further by exposure to intermittent hypoxia. Minute ventilation (Ve) in air and in response to acute hypoxia and hypercapnia was evaluated in 10 rats before fructose feeding (FF), during 6 wk of FF, and...

Ventilatory instability, reflected by enhanced acute hypoxic (AHVR) and hypercapnic (AHCVR) ventilatory responses is a fundamental component of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) pathogenesis. Intermittent hypoxia-induced inflammation is postulated to promote AHVR enhancement in OSA, although the role of inflammation in intermittent hypoxia-induced respiratory changes in humans has not been examine...

Peripheral arterial disease is a common health problem that globally affects over 200 million individuals, and intermittent claudication (IC) is the most common symptomatic presentation. The leg symptoms in IC are provoked by walking exercise and can be alleviated by medical intervention, exercise training and invasive vascular interventions (revascularization). The quality of evidence for inva...

In this review article, there is a collection of evidence that describes the myths and facts regarding intermittent fasting (IF). Fasting an age­ old practice, often done for religious reasons, but weight loss still capturing public imagination. Intermittent Calories restriction (CR) worldwide popular in men women all ages, it has become fitness trend to help them maintain healthand lose weigh...

Testicular torsion is a well known urological emergency most common in the paediatric population. However, testicular can be complete, partial or intermittent. Intermittent rare adults and difficult to diagnose. We present case on intermittent 35 year old man that was initially misdiagnosed but later diagnosed by Spectral Doppler ultrasound.

Background Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure causes long-lasting alterations in brain epigenetic mechanisms. Melanocortin and neuropeptide Y signaling interact and are affected by ethanol exposure in the brain. Here, the persistent effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol on alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, melanocortin 4 receptor, and neuropeptide Y expression and their regulatio...

conclusions overall, the results of this study indicate that intermittent exercise reduces the plasma leptin level. in addition, this reduction is significantly correlated to the glucose level in the blood. the continuous exercise was shown to have no effects on the plasma leptin level, and there was no relationship between the glucose and leptin levels. results the results demonstrated that se...