COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that produces major symptoms of pneumonia, has been disaster worldwide. The traceability and the discovery susceptible animal species is crucial to halt viral transmission explore mechanism cross-species transmission. We selected 82 representative ACE2 sequences from 1000 with closest homology hACE2 protein. All proteins were subjected modeling. Potentia...

Carbohydrates on parasite surfaces have been shown to play an important role in host-parasite coevolution, mediating host non-self recognition and parasite camouflage. Parasites that switch hosts can change their surface molecules to remain undetected by the diverse immune systems of their different hosts. However, the question of individual variation in surface sugar composition and its relati...

Trophically-transmitted parasites often change the phenotype of their intermediate hosts in ways that increase their vulnerability to definitive hosts, hence favouring transmission. As a "collateral damage", manipulated hosts can also become easy prey for non-host predators that are dead ends for the parasite, and which are supposed to play no role in transmission strategies. Interestingly, inf...

Parasitism is a major biotic determinant of animal population dynamics and community structure. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in parasitism is commonly observed in intermediate host populations. Understanding the causes of temporal and spatial variation in the recruitment of parasites is crucial if we are to manage host populations and animal communities effectively. Here, the temporal and...

We investigate the evolution of manipulation of host dispersal behaviour by parasites using spatially explicit individual-based simulations. We find that when dispersal is local, parasites always gain from increasing their hosts' dispersal rate, although the evolutionary outcome is determined by the costs-to-benefits ratio. However, when dispersal can be non-local, we show that parasites invest...

Numerous freshwater acanthocephalans are able to alter the behaviour of their intermediate hosts increase predation risk by final hosts, thereby enhancing trophic transmission between two hosts. Because temperature is widely expected impact host-parasite interactions, we investigated how it can affect movements both uninfected and Pomphorhynchus laevis-infected Gammarus pulex in an artificial s...